{% raw %} Title: Create a Markdown Blog Post Integrating Research Details and a Featured Paper ==================================================================================== This task involves generating a Markdown file (ready for a GitHub-served Jekyll site) that integrates our research details with a featured research paper. The output must follow the exact format and conventions described below. ==================================================================================== Output Format (Markdown): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --- layout: post title: "Inferring Evidence from Nested Sampling Data via Information Field Theory" date: 2023-12-19 categories: papers --- ![AI generated image](/assets/images/posts/2023-12-19-2312.11907.png) Will Handley Content generated by [gemini-2.5-pro](https://deepmind.google/technologies/gemini/) using [this prompt](/prompts/content/2023-12-19-2312.11907.txt). Image generated by [imagen-3.0-generate-002](https://deepmind.google/technologies/gemini/) using [this prompt](/prompts/images/2023-12-19-2312.11907.txt). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ==================================================================================== Please adhere strictly to the following instructions: ==================================================================================== Section 1: Content Creation Instructions ==================================================================================== 1. **Generate the Page Body:** - Write a well-composed, engaging narrative that is suitable for a scholarly audience interested in advanced AI and astrophysics. - Ensure the narrative is original and reflective of the tone and style and content in the "Homepage Content" block (provided below), but do not reuse its content. - Use bullet points, subheadings, or other formatting to enhance readability. 2. **Highlight Key Research Details:** - Emphasize the contributions and impact of the paper, focusing on its methodology, significance, and context within current research. - Specifically highlight the lead author ({'name': 'Margret Westerkamp'}). When referencing any author, use Markdown links from the Author Information block (choose academic or GitHub links over social media). 3. **Integrate Data from Multiple Sources:** - Seamlessly weave information from the following: - **Paper Metadata (YAML):** Essential details including the title and authors. - **Paper Source (TeX):** Technical content from the paper. - **Bibliographic Information (bbl):** Extract bibliographic references. - **Author Information (YAML):** Profile details for constructing Markdown links. - Merge insights from the Paper Metadata, TeX source, Bibliographic Information, and Author Information blocks into a coherent narrative—do not treat these as separate or isolated pieces. - Insert the generated narrative between the HTML comments: and 4. **Generate Bibliographic References:** - Review the Bibliographic Information block carefully. - For each reference that includes a DOI or arXiv identifier: - For DOIs, generate a link formatted as: [10.1234/xyz](https://doi.org/10.1234/xyz) - For arXiv entries, generate a link formatted as: [2103.12345](https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.12345) - **Important:** Do not use any LaTeX citation commands (e.g., `\cite{...}`). Every reference must be rendered directly as a Markdown link. For example, instead of `\cite{mycitation}`, output `[mycitation](https://doi.org/mycitation)` - **Incorrect:** `\cite{10.1234/xyz}` - **Correct:** `[10.1234/xyz](https://doi.org/10.1234/xyz)` - Ensure that at least three (3) of the most relevant references are naturally integrated into the narrative. - Ensure that the link to the Featured paper [2312.11907](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11907) is included in the first sentence. 5. **Final Formatting Requirements:** - The output must be plain Markdown; do not wrap it in Markdown code fences. - Preserve the YAML front matter exactly as provided. ==================================================================================== Section 2: Provided Data for Integration ==================================================================================== 1. **Homepage Content (Tone and Style Reference):** ```markdown --- layout: home --- ![AI generated image](/assets/images/index.png) The Handley Research Group stands at the forefront of cosmological exploration, pioneering novel approaches that fuse fundamental physics with the transformative power of artificial intelligence. We are a dynamic team of researchers, including PhD students, postdoctoral fellows, and project students, based at the University of Cambridge. Our mission is to unravel the mysteries of the Universe, from its earliest moments to its present-day structure and ultimate fate. We tackle fundamental questions in cosmology and astrophysics, with a particular focus on leveraging advanced Bayesian statistical methods and AI to push the frontiers of scientific discovery. Our research spans a wide array of topics, including the [primordial Universe](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.08524), [inflation](https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06211), the nature of [dark energy](https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08658) and [dark matter](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.17548), [21-cm cosmology](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07409), the [Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06209), and [gravitational wave astrophysics](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.17663). ### Our Research Approach: Innovation at the Intersection of Physics and AI At The Handley Research Group, we develop and apply cutting-edge computational techniques to analyze complex astronomical datasets. Our work is characterized by a deep commitment to principled [Bayesian inference](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15570) and the innovative application of [artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10230). **Key Research Themes:** * **Cosmology:** We investigate the early Universe, including [quantum initial conditions for inflation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.07042) and the generation of [primordial power spectra](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.07547). We explore the enigmatic nature of [dark energy, using methods like non-parametric reconstructions](https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08658), and search for new insights into [dark matter](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.17548). A significant portion of our efforts is dedicated to [21-cm cosmology](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.04336), aiming to detect faint signals from the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization. * **Gravitational Wave Astrophysics:** We develop methods for [analyzing gravitational wave signals](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.17663), extracting information about extreme astrophysical events and fundamental physics. * **Bayesian Methods & AI for Physical Sciences:** A core component of our research is the development of novel statistical and AI-driven methodologies. This includes advancing [nested sampling techniques](https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.00171) (e.g., [PolyChord](https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.00171), [dynamic nested sampling](https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03459), and [accelerated nested sampling with $\beta$-flows](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.17663)), creating powerful [simulation-based inference (SBI) frameworks](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10230), and employing [machine learning for tasks such as radiometer calibration](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16791), [cosmological emulation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.13263), and [mitigating radio frequency interference](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.15448). We also explore the potential of [foundation models for scientific discovery](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.00096). **Technical Contributions:** Our group has a strong track record of developing widely-used scientific software. Notable examples include: * [**PolyChord**](https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.00171): A next-generation nested sampling algorithm for Bayesian computation. * [**anesthetic**](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04768): A Python package for processing and visualizing nested sampling runs. * [**GLOBALEMU**](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.04336): An emulator for the sky-averaged 21-cm signal. * [**maxsmooth**](https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.14970): A tool for rapid maximally smooth function fitting. * [**margarine**](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12841): For marginal Bayesian statistics using normalizing flows and KDEs. * [**fgivenx**](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.01711): A package for functional posterior plotting. * [**nestcheck**](https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.06406): Diagnostic tests for nested sampling calculations. ### Impact and Discoveries Our research has led to significant advancements in cosmological data analysis and yielded new insights into the Universe. Key achievements include: * Pioneering the development and application of advanced Bayesian inference tools, such as [PolyChord](https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.00171), which has become a cornerstone for cosmological parameter estimation and model comparison globally. * Making significant contributions to the analysis of major cosmological datasets, including the [Planck mission](https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06209), providing some of the tightest constraints on cosmological parameters and models of [inflation](https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06211). * Developing novel AI-driven approaches for astrophysical challenges, such as using [machine learning for radiometer calibration in 21-cm experiments](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16791) and [simulation-based inference for extracting cosmological information from galaxy clusters](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10230). * Probing the nature of dark energy through innovative [non-parametric reconstructions of its equation of state](https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08658) from combined datasets. * Advancing our understanding of the early Universe through detailed studies of [21-cm signals from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.03298), including the development of sophisticated foreground modelling techniques and emulators like [GLOBALEMU](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.04336). * Developing new statistical methods for quantifying tensions between cosmological datasets ([Quantifying tensions in cosmological parameters: Interpreting the DES evidence ratio](https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.04029)) and for robust Bayesian model selection ([Bayesian model selection without evidences: application to the dark energy equation-of-state](https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.09024)). * Exploring fundamental physics questions such as potential [parity violation in the Large-Scale Structure using machine learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.16030). ### Charting the Future: AI-Powered Cosmological Discovery The Handley Research Group is poised to lead a new era of cosmological analysis, driven by the explosive growth in data from next-generation observatories and transformative advances in artificial intelligence. Our future ambitions are centred on harnessing these capabilities to address the most pressing questions in fundamental physics. **Strategic Research Pillars:** * **Next-Generation Simulation-Based Inference (SBI):** We are developing advanced SBI frameworks to move beyond traditional likelihood-based analyses. This involves creating sophisticated codes for simulating [Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.00906) and [Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.00270) datasets from surveys like DESI and 4MOST, incorporating realistic astrophysical effects and systematic uncertainties. Our AI initiatives in this area focus on developing and implementing cutting-edge SBI algorithms, particularly [neural ratio estimation (NRE) methods](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.15478), to enable robust and scalable inference from these complex simulations. * **Probing Fundamental Physics:** Our enhanced analytical toolkit will be deployed to test the standard cosmological model ($\Lambda$CDM) with unprecedented precision and to explore [extensions to Einstein's General Relativity](https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.03581). We aim to constrain a wide range of theoretical models, from modified gravity to the nature of [dark matter](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.02056) and [dark energy](https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.08165). This includes leveraging data from upcoming [gravitational wave observatories](https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.10210) like LISA, alongside CMB and large-scale structure surveys from facilities such as Euclid and JWST. * **Synergies with Particle Physics:** We will continue to strengthen the connection between cosmology and particle physics by expanding the [GAMBIT framework](https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03286) to interface with our new SBI tools. This will facilitate joint analyses of cosmological and particle physics data, providing a holistic approach to understanding the Universe's fundamental constituents. * **AI-Driven Theoretical Exploration:** We are pioneering the use of AI, including [large language models and symbolic computation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.00096), to automate and accelerate the process of theoretical model building and testing. This innovative approach will allow us to explore a broader landscape of physical theories and derive new constraints from diverse astrophysical datasets, such as those from GAIA. Our overarching goal is to remain at the forefront of scientific discovery by integrating the latest AI advancements into every stage of our research, from theoretical modeling to data analysis and interpretation. We are excited by the prospect of using these powerful new tools to unlock the secrets of the cosmos. Content generated by [gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06](https://deepmind.google/technologies/gemini/) using [this prompt](/prompts/content/index.txt). Image generated by [imagen-3.0-generate-002](https://deepmind.google/technologies/gemini/) using [this prompt](/prompts/images/index.txt). ``` 2. **Paper Metadata:** ```yaml !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: id: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11907v1 guidislink: true link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11907v1 updated: '2023-12-19T07:25:47Z' updated_parsed: !!python/object/apply:time.struct_time - !!python/tuple - 2023 - 12 - 19 - 7 - 25 - 47 - 1 - 353 - 0 - tm_zone: null tm_gmtoff: null published: '2023-12-19T07:25:47Z' published_parsed: !!python/object/apply:time.struct_time - !!python/tuple - 2023 - 12 - 19 - 7 - 25 - 47 - 1 - 353 - 0 - tm_zone: null tm_gmtoff: null title: "Inferring Evidence from Nested Sampling Data via Information Field\n Theory" title_detail: !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: type: text/plain language: null base: '' value: "Inferring Evidence from Nested Sampling Data via Information Field\n\ \ Theory" summary: 'Nested sampling provides an estimate of the evidence of a Bayesian inference problem via probing the likelihood as a function of the enclosed prior volume. However, the lack of precise values of the enclosed prior mass of the samples introduces probing noise, which can hamper high-accuracy determinations of the evidence values as estimated from the likelihood-prior-volume function. We introduce an approach based on information field theory, a framework for non-parametric function reconstruction from data, that infers the likelihood-prior-volume function by exploiting its smoothness and thereby aims to improve the evidence calculation. Our method provides posterior samples of the likelihood-prior-volume function that translate into a quantification of the remaining sampling noise for the evidence estimate, or for any other quantity derived from the likelihood-prior-volume function.' summary_detail: !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: type: text/plain language: null base: '' value: 'Nested sampling provides an estimate of the evidence of a Bayesian inference problem via probing the likelihood as a function of the enclosed prior volume. However, the lack of precise values of the enclosed prior mass of the samples introduces probing noise, which can hamper high-accuracy determinations of the evidence values as estimated from the likelihood-prior-volume function. We introduce an approach based on information field theory, a framework for non-parametric function reconstruction from data, that infers the likelihood-prior-volume function by exploiting its smoothness and thereby aims to improve the evidence calculation. Our method provides posterior samples of the likelihood-prior-volume function that translate into a quantification of the remaining sampling noise for the evidence estimate, or for any other quantity derived from the likelihood-prior-volume function.' authors: - !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: name: Margret Westerkamp - !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: name: Jakob Roth - !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: name: Philipp Frank - !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: name: Will Handley - !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: name: "Torsten En\xDFlin" author_detail: !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: name: "Torsten En\xDFlin" author: "Torsten En\xDFlin" arxiv_doi: 10.3390/psf2023009019 links: - !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: title: doi href: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psf2023009019 rel: related type: text/html - !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: href: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11907v1 rel: alternate type: text/html - !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: title: pdf href: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11907v1 rel: related type: application/pdf arxiv_journal_ref: Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 9(1), 19 arxiv_primary_category: term: physics.comp-ph scheme: http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom tags: - !!python/object/new:feedparser.util.FeedParserDict dictitems: term: physics.comp-ph scheme: http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom label: null ``` 3. **Paper Source (TeX):** ```tex %%Updated on 6 June 2023 %,% Website Name,%,%,% Website Name,%%,% Full Name,%%,% Short Name,%%,% DOI abbr,%%,% ISSN,% \continuouspages %\DeclareOption{}{\gdef\@journal{}\gdef\@journalfull{}\gdef\@journalshort{}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{acoustics}{\gdef\@journal{acoustics}\gdef\@journalfull{Acoustics}\gdef\@journalshort{Acoustics}\gdef\@doiabbr{acoustics}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-599X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{actuators}{\gdef\@journal{actuators}\gdef\@journalfull{Actuators}\gdef\@journalshort{Actuators}\gdef\@doiabbr{act}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-0825}} \DeclareOption{addictions}{\gdef\@journal{addictions}\gdef\@journalfull{Addictions}\gdef\@journalshort{Addictions}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{0006-0006}} \DeclareOption{admsci}{\gdef\@journal{admsci}\gdef\@journalfull{Administrative Sciences}\gdef\@journalshort{Adm. Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{admsci}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-3387}} \DeclareOption{adolescents}{\gdef\@journal{adolescents}\gdef\@journalfull{Adolescents}\gdef\@journalshort{Adolescents}\gdef\@doiabbr{adolescents}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7051}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{aerobiology}{\gdef\@journal{aerobiology}\gdef\@journalfull{Aerobiology}\gdef\@journalshort{Aerobiology}\gdef\@doiabbr{aerobiology}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{aerospace}{\gdef\@journal{aerospace}\gdef\@journalfull{Aerospace}\gdef\@journalshort{Aerospace}\gdef\@doiabbr{aerospace}\gdef\@ISSN{2226-4310}} \DeclareOption{agriculture}{\gdef\@journal{agriculture}\gdef\@journalfull{Agriculture}\gdef\@journalshort{Agriculture}\gdef\@doiabbr{agriculture}\gdef\@ISSN{2077-0472}} \DeclareOption{agriengineering}{\gdef\@journal{agriengineering}\gdef\@journalfull{AgriEngineering}\gdef\@journalshort{AgriEngineering}\gdef\@doiabbr{agriengineering}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-7402}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{agrochemicals}{\gdef\@journal{agrochemicals}\gdef\@journalfull{Agrochemicals}\gdef\@journalshort{Agrochemicals}\gdef\@doiabbr{agrochemicals}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{agronomy}{\gdef\@journal{agronomy}\gdef\@journalfull{Agronomy}\gdef\@journalshort{Agronomy}\gdef\@doiabbr{agronomy}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-4395}} \DeclareOption{ai}{\gdef\@journal{ai}\gdef\@journalfull{AI}\gdef\@journalshort{AI}\gdef\@doiabbr{ai}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-2688}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{air}{\gdef\@journal{air}\gdef\@journalfull{Air}\gdef\@journalshort{Air}\gdef\@doiabbr{air}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{algorithms}{\gdef\@journal{algorithms}\gdef\@journalfull{Algorithms}\gdef\@journalshort{Algorithms}\gdef\@doiabbr{a}\gdef\@ISSN{1999-4893}} \DeclareOption{allergies}{\gdef\@journal{allergies}\gdef\@journalfull{Allergies}\gdef\@journalshort{Allergies}\gdef\@doiabbr{allergies}\gdef\@ISSN{2313-5786}} \DeclareOption{alloys}{\gdef\@journal{alloys}\gdef\@journalfull{Alloys}\gdef\@journalshort{Alloys}\gdef\@doiabbr{alloys}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-063X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{analytica}{\gdef\@journal{analytica}\gdef\@journalfull{Analytica}\gdef\@journalshort{Analytica}\gdef\@doiabbr{analytica}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4532}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{analytics}{\gdef\@journal{analytics}\gdef\@journalfull{Analytics}\gdef\@journalshort{Analytics}\gdef\@doiabbr{analytics}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{anatomia}{\gdef\@journal{anatomia}\gdef\@journalfull{Anatomia}\gdef\@journalshort{Anatomia}\gdef\@doiabbr{anatomia}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-0545}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{anesthres}{\gdef\@journal{anesthres}\gdef\@journalfull{Anesthesia Research}\gdef\@journalshort{Anesth. 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Res.}\gdef\@doiabbr{audiolres}\gdef\@ISSN{2039-4349}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{automation}{\gdef\@journal{automation}\gdef\@journalfull{Automation}\gdef\@journalshort{Automation}\gdef\@doiabbr{automation}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4052}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{axioms}{\gdef\@journal{axioms}\gdef\@journalfull{Axioms}\gdef\@journalshort{Axioms}\gdef\@doiabbr{axioms}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-1680}} \DeclareOption{bacteria}{\gdef\@journal{bacteria}\gdef\@journalfull{Bacteria}\gdef\@journalshort{Bacteria}\gdef\@doiabbr{bacteria}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-1334}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{batteries}{\gdef\@journal{batteries}\gdef\@journalfull{Batteries}\gdef\@journalshort{Batteries}\gdef\@doiabbr{batteries}\gdef\@ISSN{2313-0105}} \DeclareOption{bdcc}{\gdef\@journal{bdcc}\gdef\@journalfull{Big Data and Cognitive Computing}\gdef\@journalshort{Big Data Cogn. 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Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{bs}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-328X}} \DeclareOption{beverages}{\gdef\@journal{beverages}\gdef\@journalfull{Beverages}\gdef\@journalshort{Beverages}\gdef\@doiabbr{beverages}\gdef\@ISSN{2306-5710}} \DeclareOption{biochem}{\gdef\@journal{biochem}\gdef\@journalfull{BioChem}\gdef\@journalshort{BioChem}\gdef\@doiabbr{biochem}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6411}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{bioengineering}{\gdef\@journal{bioengineering}\gdef\@journalfull{Bioengineering}\gdef\@journalshort{Bioengineering}\gdef\@doiabbr{bioengineering}\gdef\@ISSN{2306-5354}} \DeclareOption{biologics}{\gdef\@journal{biologics}\gdef\@journalfull{Biologics}\gdef\@journalshort{Biologics}\gdef\@doiabbr{biologics}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{biology}{\gdef\@journal{biology}\gdef\@journalfull{Biology}\gdef\@journalshort{Biology}\gdef\@doiabbr{biology}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-7737}} \DeclareOption{biomass}{\gdef\@journal{biomass}\gdef\@journalfull{Biomass}\gdef\@journalshort{Biomass}\gdef\@doiabbr{biomass}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{biomechanics}{\gdef\@journal{biomechanics}\gdef\@journalfull{Biomechanics}\gdef\@journalshort{Biomechanics}\gdef\@doiabbr{biomechanics}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7078}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{biomed}{\gdef\@journal{biomed}\gdef\@journalfull{BioMed}\gdef\@journalshort{BioMed}\gdef\@doiabbr{biomed}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{biomedicines}{\gdef\@journal{biomedicines}\gdef\@journalfull{Biomedicines}\gdef\@journalshort{Biomedicines}\gdef\@doiabbr{biomedicines}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-9059}} \DeclareOption{biomedinformatics}{\gdef\@journal{biomedinformatics}\gdef\@journalfull{BioMedInformatics}\gdef\@journalshort{BioMedInformatics}\gdef\@doiabbr{biomedinformatics}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7426}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{biomimetics}{\gdef\@journal{biomimetics}\gdef\@journalfull{Biomimetics}\gdef\@journalshort{Biomimetics}\gdef\@doiabbr{biomimetics}\gdef\@ISSN{2313-7673}} \DeclareOption{biomolecules}{\gdef\@journal{biomolecules}\gdef\@journalfull{Biomolecules}\gdef\@journalshort{Biomolecules}\gdef\@doiabbr{biom}\gdef\@ISSN{2218-273X}} \DeclareOption{biophysica}{\gdef\@journal{biophysica}\gdef\@journalfull{Biophysica}\gdef\@journalshort{Biophysica}\gdef\@doiabbr{biophysica}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4125}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{biosensors}{\gdef\@journal{biosensors}\gdef\@journalfull{Biosensors}\gdef\@journalshort{Biosensors}\gdef\@doiabbr{bios}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-6374}} \DeclareOption{biotech}{\gdef\@journal{biotech}\gdef\@journalfull{BioTech}\gdef\@journalshort{BioTech}\gdef\@doiabbr{biotech}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6284}} \DeclareOption{birds}{\gdef\@journal{birds}\gdef\@journalfull{Birds}\gdef\@journalshort{Birds}\gdef\@doiabbr{birds}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6004}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{blockchains}{\gdef\@journal{blockchains}\gdef\@journalfull{Blockchains}\gdef\@journalshort{Blockchains}\gdef\@doiabbr{blockchains}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-5288}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{bloods}{\gdef\@journal{bloods}\gdef\@journalfull{Bloods}\gdef\@journalshort{Bloods}\gdef\@doiabbr{bloods}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-415X}} \DeclareOption{blsf}{\gdef\@journal{blsf}\gdef\@journalfull{Biology and Life Sciences Forum}\gdef\@journalshort{Biol. Life Sci. Forum}\gdef\@doiabbr{blsf }\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9976}} \DeclareOption{brainsci}{\gdef\@journal{brainsci}\gdef\@journalfull{Brain Sciences}\gdef\@journalshort{Brain Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{brainsci}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-3425}} \DeclareOption{breath}{\gdef\@journal{breath}\gdef\@journalfull{Breath}\gdef\@journalshort{Breath}\gdef\@doiabbr{breath}\gdef\@ISSN{}} \DeclareOption{buildings}{\gdef\@journal{buildings}\gdef\@journalfull{Buildings}\gdef\@journalshort{Buildings}\gdef\@doiabbr{buildings}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-5309}} \DeclareOption{businesses}{\gdef\@journal{businesses}\gdef\@journalfull{Businesses}\gdef\@journalshort{Businesses}\gdef\@doiabbr{businesses}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7116}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{cancers}{\gdef\@journal{cancers}\gdef\@journalfull{Cancers}\gdef\@journalshort{Cancers}\gdef\@doiabbr{cancers}\gdef\@ISSN{2072-6694}} \DeclareOption{carbon}{\gdef\@journal{carbon}\gdef\@journalfull{C}\gdef\@journalshort{C}\gdef\@doiabbr{c}\gdef\@ISSN{2311-5629}} \DeclareOption{cardiogenetics}{\gdef\@journal{cardiogenetics}\gdef\@journalfull{Cardiogenetics}\gdef\@journalshort{Cardiogenetics}\gdef\@doiabbr{cardiogenetics}\gdef\@ISSN{2035-8148}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{catalysts}{\gdef\@journal{catalysts}\gdef\@journalfull{Catalysts}\gdef\@journalshort{Catalysts}\gdef\@doiabbr{catal}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-4344}} \DeclareOption{cells}{\gdef\@journal{cells}\gdef\@journalfull{Cells}\gdef\@journalshort{Cells}\gdef\@doiabbr{cells}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-4409}} \DeclareOption{ceramics}{\gdef\@journal{ceramics}\gdef\@journalfull{Ceramics}\gdef\@journalshort{Ceramics}\gdef\@doiabbr{ceramics}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-6131}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{challenges}{\gdef\@journal{challenges}\gdef\@journalfull{Challenges}\gdef\@journalshort{Challenges}\gdef\@doiabbr{challe}\gdef\@ISSN{2078-1547}} \DeclareOption{chemengineering}{\gdef\@journal{chemengineering}\gdef\@journalfull{ChemEngineering}\gdef\@journalshort{ChemEngineering}\gdef\@doiabbr{chemengineering}\gdef\@ISSN{2305-7084}} \DeclareOption{chemistry}{\gdef\@journal{chemistry}\gdef\@journalfull{Chemistry}\gdef\@journalshort{Chemistry}\gdef\@doiabbr{chemistry}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-8549}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{chemosensors}{\gdef\@journal{chemosensors}\gdef\@journalfull{Chemosensors}\gdef\@journalshort{Chemosensors}\gdef\@doiabbr{chemosensors}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-9040}} \DeclareOption{chemproc}{\gdef\@journal{chemproc}\gdef\@journalfull{Chemistry Proceedings}\gdef\@journalshort{Chem. Proc.}\gdef\@doiabbr{chemproc}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4583}} \DeclareOption{children}{\gdef\@journal{children}\gdef\@journalfull{Children}\gdef\@journalshort{Children}\gdef\@doiabbr{children}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-9067}} \DeclareOption{chips}{\gdef\@journal{chips}\gdef\@journalfull{Chips}\gdef\@journalshort{Chips}\gdef\@doiabbr{chips}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-0710}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{cimb}{\gdef\@journal{cimb}\gdef\@journalfull{Current Issues in Molecular Biology}\gdef\@journalshort{Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{cimb}\gdef\@ISSN{1467-3045}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{civileng}{\gdef\@journal{civileng}\gdef\@journalfull{CivilEng}\gdef\@journalshort{CivilEng}\gdef\@doiabbr{civileng}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4109}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{cleantechnol}{\gdef\@journal{cleantechnol}\gdef\@journalfull{Clean Technologies}\gdef\@journalshort{Clean Technol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{cleantechnol}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-8797}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{climate}{\gdef\@journal{climate}\gdef\@journalfull{Climate}\gdef\@journalshort{Climate}\gdef\@doiabbr{cli}\gdef\@ISSN{2225-1154}} \DeclareOption{clinpract}{\gdef\@journal{clinpract}\gdef\@journalfull{Clinics and Practice}\gdef\@journalshort{Clin. Pract.}\gdef\@doiabbr{clinpract}\gdef\@ISSN{2039-7283}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{clockssleep}{\gdef\@journal{clockssleep}\gdef\@journalfull{Clocks \& Sleep}\gdef\@journalshort{Clocks\&Sleep}\gdef\@doiabbr{clockssleep}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-5175}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{cmd}{\gdef\@journal{cmd}\gdef\@journalfull{Corrosion and Materials Degradation}\gdef\@journalshort{Corros. Mater. Degrad.}\gdef\@doiabbr{cmd}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-5558}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{coasts}{\gdef\@journal{coasts}\gdef\@journalfull{Coasts}\gdef\@journalshort{Coasts}\gdef\@doiabbr{coasts}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-964X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{coatings}{\gdef\@journal{coatings}\gdef\@journalfull{Coatings}\gdef\@journalshort{Coatings}\gdef\@doiabbr{coatings}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-6412}} \DeclareOption{colloids}{\gdef\@journal{colloids}\gdef\@journalfull{Colloids and Interfaces}\gdef\@journalshort{Colloids Interfaces}\gdef\@doiabbr{colloids}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-5377}} \DeclareOption{colorants}{\gdef\@journal{colorants}\gdef\@journalfull{Colorants}\gdef\@journalshort{Colorants}\gdef\@doiabbr{colorants}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-6447}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{commodities}{\gdef\@journal{commodities}\gdef\@journalfull{Commodities}\gdef\@journalshort{Commodities}\gdef\@doiabbr{commodities}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{compounds}{\gdef\@journal{compounds}\gdef\@journalfull{Compounds}\gdef\@journalshort{Compounds}\gdef\@doiabbr{compounds}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6918}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{computation}{\gdef\@journal{computation}\gdef\@journalfull{Computation}\gdef\@journalshort{Computation}\gdef\@doiabbr{computation}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-3197}} \DeclareOption{computers}{\gdef\@journal{computers}\gdef\@journalfull{Computers}\gdef\@journalshort{Computers}\gdef\@doiabbr{computers}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-431X}} \DeclareOption{condensedmatter}{\gdef\@journal{condensedmatter}\gdef\@journalfull{Condensed Matter}\gdef\@journalshort{Condens. Matter}\gdef\@doiabbr{condmat}\gdef\@ISSN{2410-3896}} \DeclareOption{conservation}{\gdef\@journal{conservation}\gdef\@journalfull{Conservation}\gdef\@journalshort{Conservation}\gdef\@doiabbr{conservation}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7159}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{constrmater}{\gdef\@journal{constrmater}\gdef\@journalfull{Construction Materials}\gdef\@journalshort{Constr. Mater.}\gdef\@doiabbr{constrmater}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7108}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{cosmetics}{\gdef\@journal{cosmetics}\gdef\@journalfull{Cosmetics}\gdef\@journalshort{Cosmetics}\gdef\@doiabbr{cosmetics}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-9284}} \DeclareOption{covid}{\gdef\@journal{covid}\gdef\@journalfull{COVID}\gdef\@journalshort{COVID}\gdef\@doiabbr{covid}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-8112}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{crops}{\gdef\@journal{crops}\gdef\@journalfull{Crops}\gdef\@journalshort{Crops}\gdef\@doiabbr{crops}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7655}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{cryptography}{\gdef\@journal{cryptography}\gdef\@journalfull{Cryptography}\gdef\@journalshort{Cryptography}\gdef\@doiabbr{cryptography}\gdef\@ISSN{2410-387X}} \DeclareOption{crystals}{\gdef\@journal{crystals}\gdef\@journalfull{Crystals}\gdef\@journalshort{Crystals}\gdef\@doiabbr{cryst}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-4352}} \DeclareOption{csmf}{\gdef\@journal{csmf}\gdef\@journalfull{Computer Sciences \& Mathematics Forum}\gdef\@journalshort{Comput. Sci. Math. Forum}\gdef\@doiabbr{csmf}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-0324}} \DeclareOption{ctn}{\gdef\@journal{ctn}\gdef\@journalfull{Clinical and Translational Neuroscience}\gdef\@journalshort{Clin. Transl. Neurosci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ctn}\gdef\@ISSN{2514-183X}} \DeclareOption{curroncol}{\gdef\@journal{curroncol}\gdef\@journalfull{Current Oncology}\gdef\@journalshort{Curr. Oncol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{curroncol}\gdef\@ISSN{1718-7729}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{cyber}{\gdef\@journal{cyber}\gdef\@journalfull{Cyber}\gdef\@journalshort{Cyber}\gdef\@doiabbr{cyber}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-800X}} \DeclareOption{dairy}{\gdef\@journal{dairy}\gdef\@journalfull{Dairy}\gdef\@journalshort{Dairy}\gdef\@doiabbr{dairy}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-862X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{data}{\gdef\@journal{data}\gdef\@journalfull{Data}\gdef\@journalshort{Data}\gdef\@doiabbr{data}\gdef\@ISSN{2306-5729}} \DeclareOption{ddc}{\gdef\@journal{ddc}\gdef\@journalfull{Drugs and Drug Candidates}\gdef\@journalshort{Drugs Drug Candidates}\gdef\@doiabbr{ddc}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-2998}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{dentistry}{\gdef\@journal{dentistry}\gdef\@journalfull{Dentistry Journal}\gdef\@journalshort{Dent. J.}\gdef\@doiabbr{dj}\gdef\@ISSN{2304-6767}} \DeclareOption{dermato}{\gdef\@journal{dermato}\gdef\@journalfull{Dermato}\gdef\@journalshort{Dermato}\gdef\@doiabbr{dermato}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6179}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{dermatopathology}{\gdef\@journal{dermatopathology}\gdef\@journalfull{Dermatopathology}\gdef\@journalshort{Dermatopathology}\gdef\@doiabbr{dermatopathology}\gdef\@ISSN{2296-3529}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{designs}{\gdef\@journal{designs}\gdef\@journalfull{Designs}\gdef\@journalshort{Designs}\gdef\@doiabbr{designs}\gdef\@ISSN{2411-9660}} \DeclareOption{devices}{\gdef\@journal{devices}\gdef\@journalfull{Devices}\gdef\@journalshort{Devices}\gdef\@doiabbr{devices}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{diabetology}{\gdef\@journal{diabetology}\gdef\@journalfull{Diabetology}\gdef\@journalshort{Diabetology}\gdef\@doiabbr{diabetology}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4540}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{diagnostics}{\gdef\@journal{diagnostics}\gdef\@journalfull{Diagnostics}\gdef\@journalshort{Diagnostics}\gdef\@doiabbr{diagnostics}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-4418}} \DeclareOption{dietetics}{\gdef\@journal{dietetics}\gdef\@journalfull{Dietetics}\gdef\@journalshort{Dietetics}\gdef\@doiabbr{dietetics}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-0311}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{digital}{\gdef\@journal{digital}\gdef\@journalfull{Digital}\gdef\@journalshort{Digital}\gdef\@doiabbr{digital}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6470}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{disabilities}{\gdef\@journal{disabilities}\gdef\@journalfull{Disabilities}\gdef\@journalshort{Disabilities}\gdef\@doiabbr{disabilities}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7272}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{diseases}{\gdef\@journal{diseases}\gdef\@journalfull{Diseases}\gdef\@journalshort{Diseases}\gdef\@doiabbr{diseases}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-9721}} \DeclareOption{diversity}{\gdef\@journal{diversity}\gdef\@journalfull{Diversity}\gdef\@journalshort{Diversity}\gdef\@doiabbr{d}\gdef\@ISSN{1424-2818}} \DeclareOption{dna}{\gdef\@journal{dna}\gdef\@journalfull{DNA}\gdef\@journalshort{DNA}\gdef\@doiabbr{dna}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-8856}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{drones}{\gdef\@journal{drones}\gdef\@journalfull{Drones}\gdef\@journalshort{Drones}\gdef\@doiabbr{drones}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-446X}} \DeclareOption{dynamics}{\gdef\@journal{dynamics}\gdef\@journalfull{Dynamics}\gdef\@journalshort{Dynamics}\gdef\@doiabbr{dynamics}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-8716}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{earth}{\gdef\@journal{earth}\gdef\@journalfull{Earth}\gdef\@journalshort{Earth}\gdef\@doiabbr{earth}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4834}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{ebj}{\gdef\@journal{ebj}\gdef\@journalfull{European Burn Journal}\gdef\@journalshort{Eur. Burn J.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ebj}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-1991}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{ecm}{\gdef\@journal{ecm}\gdef\@journalfull{Emergency Care and Medicine}\gdef\@journalshort{Emerg. Care Med.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ecm}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{ecologies}{\gdef\@journal{ecologies}\gdef\@journalfull{Ecologies}\gdef\@journalshort{Ecologies}\gdef\@doiabbr{ecologies}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4133}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{econometrics}{\gdef\@journal{econometrics}\gdef\@journalfull{Econometrics}\gdef\@journalshort{Econometrics}\gdef\@doiabbr{econometrics}\gdef\@ISSN{2225-1146}} \DeclareOption{economies}{\gdef\@journal{economies}\gdef\@journalfull{Economies}\gdef\@journalshort{Economies}\gdef\@doiabbr{economies}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-7099}} \DeclareOption{education}{\gdef\@journal{education}\gdef\@journalfull{Education Sciences}\gdef\@journalshort{Educ. Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{educsci}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-7102}} \DeclareOption{ejihpe}{\gdef\@journal{ejihpe}\gdef\@journalfull{European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education}\gdef\@journalshort{Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ejihpe}\gdef\@ISSN{2254-9625}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{electricity}{\gdef\@journal{electricity}\gdef\@journalfull{Electricity}\gdef\@journalshort{Electricity}\gdef\@doiabbr{electricity}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4826}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{electrochem}{\gdef\@journal{electrochem}\gdef\@journalfull{Electrochem}\gdef\@journalshort{Electrochem}\gdef\@doiabbr{electrochem}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-3293}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{electronicmat}{\gdef\@journal{electronicmat}\gdef\@journalfull{Electronic Materials}\gdef\@journalshort{Electron. Mater.}\gdef\@doiabbr{electronicmat}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-3978}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{electronics}{\gdef\@journal{electronics}\gdef\@journalfull{Electronics}\gdef\@journalshort{Electronics}\gdef\@doiabbr{electronics}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-9292}} \DeclareOption{encyclopedia}{\gdef\@journal{encyclopedia}\gdef\@journalfull{Encyclopedia}\gdef\@journalshort{Encyclopedia}\gdef\@doiabbr{encyclopedia}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-8392}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{endocrines}{\gdef\@journal{endocrines}\gdef\@journalfull{Endocrines}\gdef\@journalshort{Endocrines}\gdef\@doiabbr{endocrines}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-396X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{energies}{\gdef\@journal{energies}\gdef\@journalfull{Energies}\gdef\@journalshort{Energies}\gdef\@doiabbr{en}\gdef\@ISSN{1996-1073}} \DeclareOption{eng}{\gdef\@journal{eng}\gdef\@journalfull{Eng}\gdef\@journalshort{Eng}\gdef\@doiabbr{eng}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4117}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{engproc}{\gdef\@journal{engproc}\gdef\@journalfull{Engineering Proceedings}\gdef\@journalshort{Eng. Proc.}\gdef\@doiabbr{engproc}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4591}} %\DeclareOption{ent}{\gdef\@journal{ent}\gdef\@journalfull{}\gdef\@journalshort{}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{entomology}{\gdef\@journal{entomology}\gdef\@journalfull{Entomology}\gdef\@journalshort{Entomology}\gdef\@doiabbr{entomology}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-0502}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{entropy}{\gdef\@journal{entropy}\gdef\@journalfull{Entropy}\gdef\@journalshort{Entropy}\gdef\@doiabbr{e}\gdef\@ISSN{1099-4300}} \DeclareOption{environments}{\gdef\@journal{environments}\gdef\@journalfull{Environments}\gdef\@journalshort{Environments}\gdef\@doiabbr{environments}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-3298}} \DeclareOption{environsciproc}{\gdef\@journal{environsciproc}\gdef\@journalfull{Environmental Sciences Proceedings}\gdef\@journalshort{Environ. Sci. Proc.}\gdef\@doiabbr{environsciproc}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4931}} \DeclareOption{epidemiologia}{\gdef\@journal{epidemiologia}\gdef\@journalfull{Epidemiologia}\gdef\@journalshort{Epidemiologia}\gdef\@doiabbr{epidemiologia}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-3986}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{epigenomes}{\gdef\@journal{epigenomes}\gdef\@journalfull{Epigenomes}\gdef\@journalshort{Epigenomes}\gdef\@doiabbr{epigenomes}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-4655}} \DeclareOption{est}{\gdef\@journal{est}\gdef\@journalfull{Electrochemical Science and Technology}\gdef\@journalshort{Electrochem. Sci. Technol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{}} \DeclareOption{fermentation}{\gdef\@journal{fermentation}\gdef\@journalfull{Fermentation}\gdef\@journalshort{Fermentation}\gdef\@doiabbr{fermentation}\gdef\@ISSN{2311-5637}} \DeclareOption{fibers}{\gdef\@journal{fibers}\gdef\@journalfull{Fibers}\gdef\@journalshort{Fibers}\gdef\@doiabbr{fib}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-6439}} \DeclareOption{fintech}{\gdef\@journal{fintech}\gdef\@journalfull{FinTech}\gdef\@journalshort{FinTech}\gdef\@doiabbr{fintech}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-1032}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{fire}{\gdef\@journal{fire}\gdef\@journalfull{Fire}\gdef\@journalshort{Fire}\gdef\@doiabbr{fire}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-6255}} \DeclareOption{fishes}{\gdef\@journal{fishes}\gdef\@journalfull{Fishes}\gdef\@journalshort{Fishes}\gdef\@doiabbr{fishes}\gdef\@ISSN{2410-3888}} \DeclareOption{fluids}{\gdef\@journal{fluids}\gdef\@journalfull{Fluids}\gdef\@journalshort{Fluids}\gdef\@doiabbr{fluids}\gdef\@ISSN{2311-5521}} \DeclareOption{foods}{\gdef\@journal{foods}\gdef\@journalfull{Foods}\gdef\@journalshort{Foods}\gdef\@doiabbr{foods}\gdef\@ISSN{2304-8158}} \DeclareOption{forecasting}{\gdef\@journal{forecasting}\gdef\@journalfull{Forecasting}\gdef\@journalshort{Forecasting}\gdef\@doiabbr{forecast}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-9394}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{forensicsci}{\gdef\@journal{forensicsci}\gdef\@journalfull{Forensic Sciences}\gdef\@journalshort{Forensic Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{forensicsci}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6756}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{forests}{\gdef\@journal{forests}\gdef\@journalfull{Forests}\gdef\@journalshort{Forests}\gdef\@doiabbr{f}\gdef\@ISSN{1999-4907}} \DeclareOption{fossils}{\gdef\@journal{fossils}\gdef\@journalfull{Fossils}\gdef\@journalshort{Fossils}\gdef\@doiabbr{fossils}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-6284}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{foundations}{\gdef\@journal{foundations}\gdef\@journalfull{Foundations}\gdef\@journalshort{Foundations}\gdef\@doiabbr{foundations}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9321}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{fractalfract}{\gdef\@journal{fractalfract}\gdef\@journalfull{Fractal and Fractional}\gdef\@journalshort{Fractal Fract.}\gdef\@doiabbr{fractalfract}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-3110}} \DeclareOption{fuels}{\gdef\@journal{fuels}\gdef\@journalfull{Fuels}\gdef\@journalshort{Fuels}\gdef\@doiabbr{fuels}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-3994}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{future}{\gdef\@journal{future}\gdef\@journalfull{Future}\gdef\@journalshort{Future}\gdef\@doiabbr{future}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-2882}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{futureinternet}{\gdef\@journal{futureinternet}\gdef\@journalfull{Future Internet}\gdef\@journalshort{Future Internet}\gdef\@doiabbr{fi}\gdef\@ISSN{1999-5903}} %\DeclareOption{futureparasites}{\gdef\@journal{futureparasites}\gdef\@journalfull{}\gdef\@journalshort{}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{futurepharmacol}{\gdef\@journal{futurepharmacol}\gdef\@journalfull{Future Pharmacology}\gdef\@journalshort{Future Pharmacol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{futurepharmacol}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9879}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{futurephys}{\gdef\@journal{futurephys}\gdef\@journalfull{Future Physics}\gdef\@journalshort{Future Phys.}\gdef\@doiabbr{futurephys}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-6503}} \DeclareOption{futuretransp}{\gdef\@journal{futuretransp}\gdef\@journalfull{Future Transportation}\gdef\@journalshort{Future Transp.}\gdef\@doiabbr{futuretransp}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{galaxies}{\gdef\@journal{galaxies}\gdef\@journalfull{Galaxies}\gdef\@journalshort{Galaxies}\gdef\@doiabbr{galaxies}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-4434}} \DeclareOption{games}{\gdef\@journal{games}\gdef\@journalfull{Games}\gdef\@journalshort{Games}\gdef\@doiabbr{g}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-4336}} \DeclareOption{gases}{\gdef\@journal{gases}\gdef\@journalfull{Gases}\gdef\@journalshort{Gases}\gdef\@doiabbr{gases}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-5628}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{gastroent}{\gdef\@journal{gastroent}\gdef\@journalfull{Gastroenterology Insights}\gdef\@journalshort{Gastroenterol. Insights}\gdef\@doiabbr{gastroent}\gdef\@ISSN{2036-7422}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{gastrointestdisord}{\gdef\@journal{gastrointestdisord}\gdef\@journalfull{Gastrointestinal Disorders}\gdef\@journalshort{Gastrointest. Disord.}\gdef\@doiabbr{gidisord}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-5647}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{gastronomy}{\gdef\@journal{gastronomy}\gdef\@journalfull{Gastronomy}\gdef\@journalshort{Gastronomy}\gdef\@doiabbr{gastronomy}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{gels}{\gdef\@journal{gels}\gdef\@journalfull{Gels}\gdef\@journalshort{Gels}\gdef\@doiabbr{gels}\gdef\@ISSN{2310-2861}} \DeclareOption{genealogy}{\gdef\@journal{genealogy}\gdef\@journalfull{Genealogy}\gdef\@journalshort{Genealogy}\gdef\@doiabbr{genealogy}\gdef\@ISSN{2313-5778}} \DeclareOption{genes}{\gdef\@journal{genes}\gdef\@journalfull{Genes}\gdef\@journalshort{Genes}\gdef\@doiabbr{genes}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-4425}} \DeclareOption{geographies}{\gdef\@journal{geographies}\gdef\@journalfull{Geographies}\gdef\@journalshort{Geographies}\gdef\@doiabbr{geographies}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7086}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{geohazards}{\gdef\@journal{geohazards}\gdef\@journalfull{GeoHazards}\gdef\@journalshort{GeoHazards}\gdef\@doiabbr{geohazards}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-795X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{geomatics}{\gdef\@journal{geomatics}\gdef\@journalfull{Geomatics}\gdef\@journalshort{Geomatics}\gdef\@doiabbr{geomatics}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7418}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{geosciences}{\gdef\@journal{geosciences}\gdef\@journalfull{Geosciences}\gdef\@journalshort{Geosciences}\gdef\@doiabbr{geosciences}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-3263}} \DeclareOption{geotechnics}{\gdef\@journal{geotechnics}\gdef\@journalfull{Geotechnics}\gdef\@journalshort{Geotechnics}\gdef\@doiabbr{geotechnics}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7094}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{geriatrics}{\gdef\@journal{geriatrics}\gdef\@journalfull{Geriatrics}\gdef\@journalshort{Geriatrics}\gdef\@doiabbr{geriatrics}\gdef\@ISSN{2308-3417}} \DeclareOption{grasses}{\gdef\@journal{grasses}\gdef\@journalfull{Grasses}\gdef\@journalshort{Grasses}\gdef\@doiabbr{grasses}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{gucdd}{\gdef\@journal{gucdd}\gdef\@journalfull{Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease}\gdef\@journalshort{Gout Urate Cryst. Depos. Dis.}\gdef\@doiabbr{gucdd}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{hardware}{\gdef\@journal{hardware}\gdef\@journalfull{Hardware}\gdef\@journalshort{Hardware}\gdef\@doiabbr{hardware}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{hazardousmatters}{\gdef\@journal{hazardousmatters}\gdef\@journalfull{Hazardous Matters}\gdef\@journalshort{Hazard. Matters}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{0014-0014}} \DeclareOption{healthcare}{\gdef\@journal{healthcare}\gdef\@journalfull{Healthcare}\gdef\@journalshort{Healthcare}\gdef\@doiabbr{healthcare}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-9032}} \DeclareOption{hearts}{\gdef\@journal{hearts}\gdef\@journalfull{Hearts}\gdef\@journalshort{Hearts}\gdef\@doiabbr{hearts}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-3846}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{hemato}{\gdef\@journal{hemato}\gdef\@journalfull{Hemato}\gdef\@journalshort{Hemato}\gdef\@doiabbr{hemato}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6357}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{hematolrep}{\gdef\@journal{hematolrep}\gdef\@journalfull{Hematology Reports}\gdef\@journalshort{Hematol. Rep.}\gdef\@doiabbr{hematolrep}\gdef\@ISSN{2038-8330}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{heritage}{\gdef\@journal{heritage}\gdef\@journalfull{Heritage}\gdef\@journalshort{Heritage}\gdef\@doiabbr{heritage}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-9408}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{higheredu}{\gdef\@journal{higheredu}\gdef\@journalfull{Trends in Higher Education}\gdef\@journalshort{Trends High. Educ.}\gdef\@doiabbr{higheredu}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{highthroughput}{\gdef\@journal{highthroughput}\gdef\@journalfull{High-Throughput}\gdef\@journalshort{High-Throughput}\gdef\@doiabbr{ht}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-5135}} \DeclareOption{histories}{\gdef\@journal{histories}\gdef\@journalfull{Histories}\gdef\@journalshort{Histories}\gdef\@doiabbr{histories}\gdef\@ISSN{2409-9252}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{horticulturae}{\gdef\@journal{horticulturae}\gdef\@journalfull{Horticulturae}\gdef\@journalshort{Horticulturae}\gdef\@doiabbr{horticulturae}\gdef\@ISSN{2311-7524}} \DeclareOption{hospitals}{\gdef\@journal{hospitals}\gdef\@journalfull{Hospitals}\gdef\@journalshort{Hospitals}\gdef\@doiabbr{hospitals}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{humanities}{\gdef\@journal{humanities}\gdef\@journalfull{Humanities}\gdef\@journalshort{Humanities}\gdef\@doiabbr{h}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-0787}} \DeclareOption{humans}{\gdef\@journal{humans}\gdef\@journalfull{Humans}\gdef\@journalshort{Humans}\gdef\@doiabbr{humans}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{hydrobiology}{\gdef\@journal{hydrobiology}\gdef\@journalfull{Hydrobiology}\gdef\@journalshort{Hydrobiology }\gdef\@doiabbr{hydrobiology}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9917}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{hydrogen}{\gdef\@journal{hydrogen}\gdef\@journalfull{Hydrogen}\gdef\@journalshort{Hydrogen}\gdef\@doiabbr{hydrogen}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4141}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{hydrology}{\gdef\@journal{hydrology}\gdef\@journalfull{Hydrology}\gdef\@journalshort{Hydrology}\gdef\@doiabbr{hydrology}\gdef\@ISSN{2306-5338}} \DeclareOption{hygiene}{\gdef\@journal{hygiene}\gdef\@journalfull{Hygiene}\gdef\@journalshort{Hygiene}\gdef\@doiabbr{hygiene}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{ice}{\gdef\@journal{ice}\gdef\@journalfull{Ice}\gdef\@journalshort{Ice}\gdef\@doiabbr{ice}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{idr}{\gdef\@journal{idr}\gdef\@journalfull{Infectious Disease Reports}\gdef\@journalshort{Infect. Dis. Rep.}\gdef\@doiabbr{idr}\gdef\@ISSN{2036-7449}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{ijerph}{\gdef\@journal{ijerph}\gdef\@journalfull{International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}\gdef\@journalshort{Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}\gdef\@doiabbr{ijerph}\gdef\@ISSN{1660-4601}} \DeclareOption{ijfs}{\gdef\@journal{ijfs}\gdef\@journalfull{International Journal of Financial Studies}\gdef\@journalshort{Int. J. Financial Stud.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ijfs}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-7072}} \DeclareOption{ijgi}{\gdef\@journal{ijgi}\gdef\@journalfull{ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information}\gdef\@journalshort{ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ijgi}\gdef\@ISSN{2220-9964}} \DeclareOption{ijms}{\gdef\@journal{ijms}\gdef\@journalfull{International Journal of Molecular Sciences}\gdef\@journalshort{Int. J. Mol. Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ijms}\gdef\@ISSN{1422-0067}} \DeclareOption{ijns}{\gdef\@journal{ijns}\gdef\@journalfull{International Journal of Neonatal Screening}\gdef\@journalshort{Int. J. Neonatal Screen.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ijns}\gdef\@ISSN{2409-515X}} \DeclareOption{ijpb}{\gdef\@journal{ijpb}\gdef\@journalfull{International Journal of Plant Biology}\gdef\@journalshort{Int. J. Plant Biol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ijpb}\gdef\@ISSN{2037-0164}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{ijtm}{\gdef\@journal{ijtm}\gdef\@journalfull{International Journal of Translational Medicine}\gdef\@journalshort{Int. J. Transl. Med.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ijtm}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-8937}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{ijtpp}{\gdef\@journal{ijtpp}\gdef\@journalfull{International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power}\gdef\@journalshort{Int. J. Turbomach. Propuls. Power}\gdef\@doiabbr{ijtpp}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-186X}} \DeclareOption{ime}{\gdef\@journal{ime}\gdef\@journalfull{International Medical Education}\gdef\@journalshort{Int. Med. Educ.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ime}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-141X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{immuno}{\gdef\@journal{immuno}\gdef\@journalfull{Immuno}\gdef\@journalshort{Immuno}\gdef\@doiabbr{immuno}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-5601}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{informatics}{\gdef\@journal{informatics}\gdef\@journalfull{Informatics}\gdef\@journalshort{Informatics}\gdef\@doiabbr{informatics}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-9709}} \DeclareOption{information}{\gdef\@journal{information}\gdef\@journalfull{Information}\gdef\@journalshort{Information}\gdef\@doiabbr{info}\gdef\@ISSN{2078-2489}} \DeclareOption{infrastructures}{\gdef\@journal{infrastructures}\gdef\@journalfull{Infrastructures}\gdef\@journalshort{Infrastructures}\gdef\@doiabbr{infrastructures}\gdef\@ISSN{2412-3811}} \DeclareOption{inorganics}{\gdef\@journal{inorganics}\gdef\@journalfull{Inorganics}\gdef\@journalshort{Inorganics}\gdef\@doiabbr{inorganics}\gdef\@ISSN{2304-6740}} \DeclareOption{insects}{\gdef\@journal{insects}\gdef\@journalfull{Insects}\gdef\@journalshort{Insects}\gdef\@doiabbr{insects}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-4450}} \DeclareOption{instruments}{\gdef\@journal{instruments}\gdef\@journalfull{Instruments}\gdef\@journalshort{Instruments}\gdef\@doiabbr{instruments}\gdef\@ISSN{2410-390X}} \DeclareOption{inventions}{\gdef\@journal{inventions}\gdef\@journalfull{Inventions}\gdef\@journalshort{Inventions}\gdef\@doiabbr{inventions}\gdef\@ISSN{2411-5134}} \DeclareOption{iot}{\gdef\@journal{iot}\gdef\@journalfull{IoT}\gdef\@journalshort{IoT}\gdef\@doiabbr{iot}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-831X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{j}{\gdef\@journal{j}\gdef\@journalfull{J}\gdef\@journalshort{J}\gdef\@doiabbr{j}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-8800}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jal}{\gdef\@journal{jal}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Ageing and Longevity}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Ageing Longev.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jal}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9259}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jcdd}{\gdef\@journal{jcdd}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jcdd}\gdef\@ISSN{2308-3425}} \DeclareOption{jcm}{\gdef\@journal{jcm}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Clinical Medicine}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Clin. Med.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jcm}\gdef\@ISSN{2077-0383}} \DeclareOption{jcp}{\gdef\@journal{jcp}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Cybersecur. Priv.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jcp}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-800X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jcs}{\gdef\@journal{jcs}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Composites Science}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Compos. Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jcs}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-477X}} \DeclareOption{jcto}{\gdef\@journal{jcto}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Clinical \& Translational Ophthalmology}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Clin. Transl. Ophthalmol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jcto}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-1053}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jdb}{\gdef\@journal{jdb}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Developmental Biology}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Dev. Biol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jdb}\gdef\@ISSN{2221-3759}} \DeclareOption{jeta}{\gdef\@journal{jeta}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Exp. Theor. Anal.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jeta}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jfb}{\gdef\@journal{jfb}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Functional Biomaterials}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Funct. Biomater.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jfb}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-4983}} \DeclareOption{jfmk}{\gdef\@journal{jfmk}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jfmk}\gdef\@ISSN{2411-5142}} \DeclareOption{jimaging}{\gdef\@journal{jimaging}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Imaging}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Imaging}\gdef\@doiabbr{jimaging}\gdef\@ISSN{2313-433X}} \DeclareOption{jintelligence}{\gdef\@journal{jintelligence}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Intelligence}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Intell.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jintelligence}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-3200}} \DeclareOption{jlpea}{\gdef\@journal{jlpea}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Low Power Electron. Appl.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jlpea}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-9268}} \DeclareOption{jmmp}{\gdef\@journal{jmmp}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Manuf. Mater. Process.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jmmp}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-4494}} \DeclareOption{jmp}{\gdef\@journal{jmp}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Molecular Pathology}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Mol. Pathol.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jmp}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-5261}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jmse}{\gdef\@journal{jmse}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Marine Science and Engineering}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Mar. Sci. Eng.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jmse}\gdef\@ISSN{2077-1312}} \DeclareOption{jne}{\gdef\@journal{jne}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Nuclear Engineering}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Nucl. Eng.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jne}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4362}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jnt}{\gdef\@journal{jnt}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Nanotheranostics}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Nanotheranostics}\gdef\@doiabbr{jnt}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-845X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jof}{\gdef\@journal{jof}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Fungi}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Fungi}\gdef\@doiabbr{jof}\gdef\@ISSN{2309-608X}} \DeclareOption{joitmc}{\gdef\@journal{joitmc}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex.}\gdef\@doiabbr{joitmc}\gdef\@ISSN{2199-8531}} \DeclareOption{jor}{\gdef\@journal{jor}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Respiration}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Respir.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jor}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-527X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{journalmedia}{\gdef\@journal{journalmedia}\gdef\@journalfull{Journalism and Media}\gdef\@journalshort{Journal. Media}\gdef\@doiabbr{journalmedia}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-5172}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jox}{\gdef\@journal{jox}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Xenobiotics}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Xenobiot.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jox}\gdef\@ISSN{2039-4713}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jpm}{\gdef\@journal{jpm}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Personalized Medicine}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Pers. Med.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jpm}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-4426}} \DeclareOption{jrfm}{\gdef\@journal{jrfm}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Risk and Financial Management}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Risk Financial Manag.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jrfm}\gdef\@ISSN{1911-8074}} \DeclareOption{jsan}{\gdef\@journal{jsan}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Sens. Actuator Netw.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jsan}\gdef\@ISSN{2224-2708}} \DeclareOption{jtaer}{\gdef\@journal{jtaer}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jtaer}\gdef\@ISSN{0718-1876}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jvd}{\gdef\@journal{jvd}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Vascular Diseases}\gdef\@journalshort{JVD}\gdef\@doiabbr{jvd}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{jzbg}{\gdef\@journal{jzbg}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Zool. Bot. Gard.}\gdef\@doiabbr{jzbg}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-5636}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} %\DeclareOption{kidney}{\gdef\@journal{kidney}\gdef\@journalfull{}\gdef\@journalshort{}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{kidneydial}{\gdef\@journal{kidneydial}\gdef\@journalfull{Kidney and Dialysis}\gdef\@journalshort{Kidney Dial.}\gdef\@doiabbr{kinasesphosphatases}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{kinasesphosphatases}{\gdef\@journal{kinasesphosphatases}\gdef\@journalfull{Kinases and Phosphatases}\gdef\@journalshort{Kinases Phosphatases}\gdef\@doiabbr{kinasesphosphatases}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{knowledge}{\gdef\@journal{knowledge}\gdef\@journalfull{Knowledge}\gdef\@journalshort{Knowledge}\gdef\@doiabbr{knowledge}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9585}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{land}{\gdef\@journal{land}\gdef\@journalfull{Land}\gdef\@journalshort{Land}\gdef\@doiabbr{land}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-445X}} \DeclareOption{languages}{\gdef\@journal{languages}\gdef\@journalfull{Languages}\gdef\@journalshort{Languages}\gdef\@doiabbr{languages}\gdef\@ISSN{2226-471X}} \DeclareOption{laws}{\gdef\@journal{laws}\gdef\@journalfull{Laws}\gdef\@journalshort{Laws}\gdef\@doiabbr{laws}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-471X}} \DeclareOption{life}{\gdef\@journal{life}\gdef\@journalfull{Life}\gdef\@journalshort{Life}\gdef\@doiabbr{life}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-1729}} \DeclareOption{limnolrev}{\gdef\@journal{limnolrev}\gdef\@journalfull{Limnological Review}\gdef\@journalshort{Limnol. Rev.}\gdef\@doiabbr{limnolrev}\gdef\@ISSN{2300-7575}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{lipidology}{\gdef\@journal{lipidology}\gdef\@journalfull{Lipidology}\gdef\@journalshort{Lipidology}\gdef\@doiabbr{lipidology}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-7086}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{liquids}{\gdef\@journal{liquids}\gdef\@journalfull{Liquids}\gdef\@journalshort{Liquids}\gdef\@doiabbr{liquids}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-8015}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{literature}{\gdef\@journal{literature}\gdef\@journalfull{Literature}\gdef\@journalshort{Literature}\gdef\@doiabbr{literature}\gdef\@ISSN{2410-9789}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{livers}{\gdef\@journal{livers}\gdef\@journalfull{Livers}\gdef\@journalshort{Livers}\gdef\@doiabbr{livers}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4389}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{logics}{\gdef\@journal{logics}\gdef\@journalfull{Logics}\gdef\@journalshort{Logics}\gdef\@doiabbr{logics}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-0405}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{logistics}{\gdef\@journal{logistics}\gdef\@journalfull{Logistics}\gdef\@journalshort{Logistics}\gdef\@doiabbr{logistics}\gdef\@ISSN{2305-6290}} \DeclareOption{lubricants}{\gdef\@journal{lubricants}\gdef\@journalfull{Lubricants}\gdef\@journalshort{Lubricants}\gdef\@doiabbr{lubricants}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-4442}} \DeclareOption{lymphatics}{\gdef\@journal{lymphatics}\gdef\@journalfull{Lymphatics}\gdef\@journalshort{Lymphatics}\gdef\@doiabbr{lymphatics}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{machines}{\gdef\@journal{machines}\gdef\@journalfull{Machines}\gdef\@journalshort{Machines}\gdef\@doiabbr{machines}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-1702}} \DeclareOption{macromol}{\gdef\@journal{macromol}\gdef\@journalfull{Macromol}\gdef\@journalshort{Macromol}\gdef\@doiabbr{macromol}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6209}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{magnetism}{\gdef\@journal{magnetism}\gdef\@journalfull{Magnetism}\gdef\@journalshort{Magnetism}\gdef\@doiabbr{magnetism}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{magnetochemistry}{\gdef\@journal{magnetochemistry}\gdef\@journalfull{Magnetochemistry}\gdef\@journalshort{Magnetochemistry}\gdef\@doiabbr{magnetochemistry}\gdef\@ISSN{2312-7481}} \DeclareOption{make}{\gdef\@journal{make}\gdef\@journalfull{Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction}\gdef\@journalshort{Mach. Learn. Knowl. Extr.}\gdef\@doiabbr{make}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-4990}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{marinedrugs}{\gdef\@journal{marinedrugs}\gdef\@journalfull{Marine Drugs}\gdef\@journalshort{Mar. Drugs}\gdef\@doiabbr{md}\gdef\@ISSN{1660-3397}} \DeclareOption{materials}{\gdef\@journal{materials}\gdef\@journalfull{Materials}\gdef\@journalshort{Materials}\gdef\@doiabbr{ma}\gdef\@ISSN{1996-1944}} \DeclareOption{materproc}{\gdef\@journal{materproc}\gdef\@journalfull{Materials Proceedings}\gdef\@journalshort{Mater. Proc.}\gdef\@doiabbr{materproc}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4605}} \DeclareOption{mathematics}{\gdef\@journal{mathematics}\gdef\@journalfull{Mathematics}\gdef\@journalshort{Mathematics}\gdef\@doiabbr{math}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-7390}} \DeclareOption{mca}{\gdef\@journal{mca}\gdef\@journalfull{Mathematical and Computational Applications}\gdef\@journalshort{Math. Comput. Appl.}\gdef\@doiabbr{mca}\gdef\@ISSN{2297-8747}} \DeclareOption{measurements}{\gdef\@journal{measurements}\gdef\@journalfull{Measurements}\gdef\@journalshort{Measurements}\gdef\@doiabbr{measurements}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{medicina}{\gdef\@journal{medicina}\gdef\@journalfull{Medicina}\gdef\@journalshort{Medicina}\gdef\@doiabbr{medicina}\gdef\@ISSN{1648-9144}} \DeclareOption{medicines}{\gdef\@journal{medicines}\gdef\@journalfull{Medicines}\gdef\@journalshort{Medicines}\gdef\@doiabbr{medicines}\gdef\@ISSN{2305-6320}} \DeclareOption{medsci}{\gdef\@journal{medsci}\gdef\@journalfull{Medical Sciences}\gdef\@journalshort{Med. Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{medsci}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-3271}} \DeclareOption{membranes}{\gdef\@journal{membranes}\gdef\@journalfull{Membranes}\gdef\@journalshort{Membranes}\gdef\@doiabbr{membranes}\gdef\@ISSN{2077-0375}} \DeclareOption{merits}{\gdef\@journal{merits}\gdef\@journalfull{Merits}\gdef\@journalshort{Merits}\gdef\@doiabbr{merits}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-8104}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{metabolites}{\gdef\@journal{metabolites}\gdef\@journalfull{Metabolites}\gdef\@journalshort{Metabolites}\gdef\@doiabbr{metabo}\gdef\@ISSN{2218-1989}} \DeclareOption{metals}{\gdef\@journal{metals}\gdef\@journalfull{Metals}\gdef\@journalshort{Metals}\gdef\@doiabbr{met}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-4701}} \DeclareOption{meteorology}{\gdef\@journal{meteorology}\gdef\@journalfull{Meteorology}\gdef\@journalshort{Meteorology}\gdef\@doiabbr{meteorology}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-0494}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{methane}{\gdef\@journal{methane}\gdef\@journalfull{Methane}\gdef\@journalshort{Methane}\gdef\@doiabbr{methane}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{metrology}{\gdef\@journal{metrology}\gdef\@journalfull{Metrology}\gdef\@journalshort{Metrology}\gdef\@doiabbr{metrology}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{micro}{\gdef\@journal{micro}\gdef\@journalfull{Micro}\gdef\@journalshort{Micro}\gdef\@doiabbr{micro}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{microarrays}{\gdef\@journal{microarrays}\gdef\@journalfull{Microarrays}\gdef\@journalshort{Microarrays}\gdef\@doiabbr{microarrays}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-3905}} \DeclareOption{microbiolres}{\gdef\@journal{microbiolres}\gdef\@journalfull{Microbiology Research}\gdef\@journalshort{Microbiol. Res.}\gdef\@doiabbr{microbiolres}\gdef\@ISSN{2036-7481}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{micromachines}{\gdef\@journal{micromachines}\gdef\@journalfull{Micromachines}\gdef\@journalshort{Micromachines}\gdef\@doiabbr{mi}\gdef\@ISSN{2072-666X}} \DeclareOption{microorganisms}{\gdef\@journal{microorganisms}\gdef\@journalfull{Microorganisms}\gdef\@journalshort{Microorganisms}\gdef\@doiabbr{microorganisms}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-2607}} \DeclareOption{microplastics}{\gdef\@journal{microplastics}\gdef\@journalfull{Microplastics}\gdef\@journalshort{Microplastics}\gdef\@doiabbr{microplastics}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-8929}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{minerals}{\gdef\@journal{minerals}\gdef\@journalfull{Minerals}\gdef\@journalshort{Minerals}\gdef\@doiabbr{min}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-163X}} \DeclareOption{mining}{\gdef\@journal{mining}\gdef\@journalfull{Mining}\gdef\@journalshort{Mining}\gdef\@doiabbr{mining}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6489}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{modelling}{\gdef\@journal{modelling}\gdef\@journalfull{Modelling}\gdef\@journalshort{Modelling}\gdef\@doiabbr{modelling}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-3951}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{molbank}{\gdef\@journal{molbank}\gdef\@journalfull{Molbank}\gdef\@journalshort{Molbank}\gdef\@doiabbr{M}\gdef\@ISSN{1422-8599}} \DeclareOption{molecules}{\gdef\@journal{molecules}\gdef\@journalfull{Molecules}\gdef\@journalshort{Molecules}\gdef\@doiabbr{molecules}\gdef\@ISSN{1420-3049}} \DeclareOption{mps}{\gdef\@journal{mps}\gdef\@journalfull{Methods and Protocols}\gdef\@journalshort{Methods Protoc.}\gdef\@doiabbr{mps}\gdef\@ISSN{2409-9279}} \DeclareOption{msf}{\gdef\@journal{msf}\gdef\@journalfull{Medical Sciences Forum}\gdef\@journalshort{Med. Sci. Forum}\gdef\@doiabbr{msf}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9992}} \DeclareOption{mti}{\gdef\@journal{mti}\gdef\@journalfull{Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}\gdef\@journalshort{Multimodal Technol. Interact.}\gdef\@doiabbr{mti}\gdef\@ISSN{2414-4088}} \DeclareOption{muscles}{\gdef\@journal{muscles}\gdef\@journalfull{Muscles}\gdef\@journalshort{Muscles}\gdef\@doiabbr{muscles}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-0413}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{nanoenergyadv}{\gdef\@journal{nanoenergyadv}\gdef\@journalfull{Nanoenergy Advances}\gdef\@journalshort{Nanoenergy Adv.}\gdef\@doiabbr{nanoenergyadv}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-706X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{nanomanufacturing}{\gdef\@journal{nanomanufacturing}\gdef\@journalfull{Nanomanufacturing}\gdef\@journalshort{Nanomanufacturing}\gdef\@doiabbr{nanomanufacturing}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-687X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{nanomaterials}{\gdef\@journal{nanomaterials}\gdef\@journalfull{Nanomaterials}\gdef\@journalshort{Nanomaterials}\gdef\@doiabbr{nano}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-4991}} \DeclareOption{ncrna}{\gdef\@journal{ncrna}\gdef\@journalfull{Non-Coding RNA}\gdef\@journalshort{Non-Coding RNA}\gdef\@doiabbr{ncrna}\gdef\@ISSN{2311-553X}} \DeclareOption{ndt}{\gdef\@journal{ndt}\gdef\@journalfull{NDT}\gdef\@journalshort{NDT}\gdef\@doiabbr{ndt}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{network}{\gdef\@journal{network}\gdef\@journalfull{Network}\gdef\@journalshort{Network}\gdef\@doiabbr{network}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{neuroglia}{\gdef\@journal{neuroglia}\gdef\@journalfull{Neuroglia}\gdef\@journalshort{Neuroglia}\gdef\@doiabbr{neuroglia}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-6980}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{neurolint}{\gdef\@journal{neurolint}\gdef\@journalfull{Neurology International}\gdef\@journalshort{Neurol. Int.}\gdef\@doiabbr{neurolint}\gdef\@ISSN{2035-8377}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{neurosci}{\gdef\@journal{neurosci}\gdef\@journalfull{NeuroSci}\gdef\@journalshort{NeuroSci}\gdef\@doiabbr{neurosci}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4087}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{nitrogen}{\gdef\@journal{nitrogen}\gdef\@journalfull{Nitrogen}\gdef\@journalshort{Nitrogen}\gdef\@doiabbr{nitrogen}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-3129}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{notspecified}{\gdef\@journal{notspecified}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal Not Specified}\gdef\@journalshort{Journal Not Specified}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{}} %%\DeclareOption{nri}{\gdef\@journal{nri}\gdef\@journalfull{Natural Resources Informatics}\gdef\@journalshort{Nat. Resour. Inform.}\gdef\@doiabbr{nri}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-981X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{nursrep}{\gdef\@journal{nursrep}\gdef\@journalfull{Nursing Reports}\gdef\@journalshort{Nurs. Rep.}\gdef\@doiabbr{nursrep}\gdef\@ISSN{2039-4403}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{nutraceuticals}{\gdef\@journal{nutraceuticals}\gdef\@journalfull{Nutraceuticals}\gdef\@journalshort{Nutraceuticals}\gdef\@doiabbr{nutraceuticals}\gdef\@ISSN{1661-3821}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{nutrients}{\gdef\@journal{nutrients}\gdef\@journalfull{Nutrients}\gdef\@journalshort{Nutrients}\gdef\@doiabbr{nu}\gdef\@ISSN{2072-6643}} \DeclareOption{obesities}{\gdef\@journal{obesities}\gdef\@journalfull{Obesities}\gdef\@journalshort{Obesities}\gdef\@doiabbr{obesities}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4168}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{oceans}{\gdef\@journal{oceans}\gdef\@journalfull{Oceans}\gdef\@journalshort{Oceans}\gdef\@doiabbr{oceans}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-1924}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{ohbm}{\gdef\@journal{ohbm}\gdef\@journalfull{Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine}\gdef\@journalshort{J. Otorhinolaryngol. Hear. Balance Med.}\gdef\@doiabbr{ohbm}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-463X}} \DeclareOption{onco}{\gdef\@journal{onco}\gdef\@journalfull{Onco}\gdef\@journalshort{Onco}\gdef\@doiabbr{onco}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7523}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} %\DeclareOption{oncopathology}{\gdef\@journal{oncopathology}\gdef\@journalfull{}\gdef\@journalshort{}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{optics}{\gdef\@journal{optics}\gdef\@journalfull{Optics}\gdef\@journalshort{Optics}\gdef\@doiabbr{opt}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-3269}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{oral}{\gdef\@journal{oral}\gdef\@journalfull{Oral}\gdef\@journalshort{Oral}\gdef\@doiabbr{oral}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6373}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{organics}{\gdef\@journal{organics}\gdef\@journalfull{Organics}\gdef\@journalshort{Organics}\gdef\@doiabbr{org}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-401X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{organoids}{\gdef\@journal{organoids}\gdef\@journalfull{Organoids}\gdef\@journalshort{Organoids}\gdef\@doiabbr{organoids}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-1172}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{osteology}{\gdef\@journal{osteology}\gdef\@journalfull{Osteology}\gdef\@journalshort{Osteology}\gdef\@doiabbr{osteology}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4036}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{oxygen}{\gdef\@journal{oxygen}\gdef\@journalfull{Oxygen}\gdef\@journalshort{Oxygen}\gdef\@doiabbr{oxygen}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9801}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{parasites}{\gdef\@journal{parasites}\gdef\@journalfull{Parasites}\gdef\@journalshort{Parasites}\gdef\@doiabbr{parasites}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-5946}} \DeclareOption{parasitologia}{\gdef\@journal{parasitologia}\gdef\@journalfull{Parasitologia}\gdef\@journalshort{Parasitologia}\gdef\@doiabbr{parasitologia}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6772}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{particles}{\gdef\@journal{particles}\gdef\@journalfull{Particles}\gdef\@journalshort{Particles}\gdef\@doiabbr{particles}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-712X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{pathogens}{\gdef\@journal{pathogens}\gdef\@journalfull{Pathogens}\gdef\@journalshort{Pathogens}\gdef\@doiabbr{pathogens}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-0817}} \DeclareOption{pathophysiology}{\gdef\@journal{pathophysiology}\gdef\@journalfull{Pathophysiology}\gdef\@journalshort{Pathophysiology}\gdef\@doiabbr{pathophysiology}\gdef\@ISSN{0928-4680}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{pediatrrep}{\gdef\@journal{pediatrrep}\gdef\@journalfull{Pediatric Reports}\gdef\@journalshort{Pediatr. Rep.}\gdef\@doiabbr{pediatric}\gdef\@ISSN{2036-7503}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{pets}{\gdef\@journal{pets}\gdef\@journalfull{Pets}\gdef\@journalshort{Pets}\gdef\@doiabbr{pets}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{pharmaceuticals}{\gdef\@journal{pharmaceuticals}\gdef\@journalfull{Pharmaceuticals}\gdef\@journalshort{Pharmaceuticals}\gdef\@doiabbr{ph}\gdef\@ISSN{1424-8247}} \DeclareOption{pharmaceutics}{\gdef\@journal{pharmaceutics}\gdef\@journalfull{Pharmaceutics}\gdef\@journalshort{Pharmaceutics}\gdef\@doiabbr{pharmaceutics}\gdef\@ISSN{1999-4923}} \DeclareOption{pharmacoepidemiology}{\gdef\@journal{pharmacoepidemiology}\gdef\@journalfull{Pharmacoepidemiology}\gdef\@journalshort{Pharmacoepidemiology}\gdef\@doiabbr{pharma}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-0618}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{pharmacy}{\gdef\@journal{pharmacy}\gdef\@journalfull{Pharmacy}\gdef\@journalshort{Pharmacy}\gdef\@doiabbr{pharmacy}\gdef\@ISSN{2226-4787}} \DeclareOption{philosophies}{\gdef\@journal{philosophies}\gdef\@journalfull{Philosophies}\gdef\@journalshort{Philosophies}\gdef\@doiabbr{philosophies}\gdef\@ISSN{2409-9287}} \DeclareOption{photochem}{\gdef\@journal{photochem}\gdef\@journalfull{Photochem}\gdef\@journalshort{Photochem}\gdef\@doiabbr{photochem}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7256}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{photonics}{\gdef\@journal{photonics}\gdef\@journalfull{Photonics}\gdef\@journalshort{Photonics}\gdef\@doiabbr{photonics}\gdef\@ISSN{2304-6732}} \DeclareOption{phycology}{\gdef\@journal{phycology}\gdef\@journalfull{Phycology}\gdef\@journalshort{Phycology}\gdef\@doiabbr{phycology}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9410}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{physchem}{\gdef\@journal{physchem}\gdef\@journalfull{Physchem}\gdef\@journalshort{Physchem}\gdef\@doiabbr{physchem}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{physics}{\gdef\@journal{physics}\gdef\@journalfull{Physics}\gdef\@journalshort{Physics}\gdef\@doiabbr{physics}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-8174}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{physiologia}{\gdef\@journal{physiologia}\gdef\@journalfull{Physiologia}\gdef\@journalshort{Physiologia}\gdef\@doiabbr{physiologia}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{plants}{\gdef\@journal{plants}\gdef\@journalfull{Plants}\gdef\@journalshort{Plants}\gdef\@doiabbr{plants}\gdef\@ISSN{2223-7747}} \DeclareOption{plasma}{\gdef\@journal{plasma}\gdef\@journalfull{Plasma}\gdef\@journalshort{Plasma}\gdef\@doiabbr{plasma}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-6182}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{platforms}{\gdef\@journal{platforms}\gdef\@journalfull{Platforms}\gdef\@journalshort{Platforms}\gdef\@doiabbr{platforms}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{pollutants}{\gdef\@journal{pollutants}\gdef\@journalfull{Pollutants}\gdef\@journalshort{Pollutants}\gdef\@doiabbr{pollutants}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4672}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{polymers}{\gdef\@journal{polymers}\gdef\@journalfull{Polymers}\gdef\@journalshort{Polymers}\gdef\@doiabbr{polym}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-4360}} \DeclareOption{polysaccharides}{\gdef\@journal{polysaccharides}\gdef\@journalfull{Polysaccharides}\gdef\@journalshort{Polysaccharides}\gdef\@doiabbr{polysaccharides}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4176}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{poultry}{\gdef\@journal{poultry}\gdef\@journalfull{Poultry}\gdef\@journalshort{Poultry}\gdef\@doiabbr{poultry}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-1164}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{powders}{\gdef\@journal{powders}\gdef\@journalfull{Powders}\gdef\@journalshort{Powders}\gdef\@doiabbr{powders}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-0516}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{preprints}{\gdef\@journal{preprints}\gdef\@journalfull{Preprints}\gdef\@journalshort{Preprints}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{}} \DeclareOption{proceedings}{\gdef\@journal{proceedings}\gdef\@journalfull{Proceedings}\gdef\@journalshort{Proceedings}\gdef\@doiabbr{proceedings}\gdef\@ISSN{2504-3900}} \DeclareOption{processes}{\gdef\@journal{processes}\gdef\@journalfull{Processes}\gdef\@journalshort{Processes}\gdef\@doiabbr{pr}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-9717}} \DeclareOption{prosthesis}{\gdef\@journal{prosthesis}\gdef\@journalfull{Prosthesis}\gdef\@journalshort{Prosthesis}\gdef\@doiabbr{prosthesis}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-1592}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{proteomes}{\gdef\@journal{proteomes}\gdef\@journalfull{Proteomes}\gdef\@journalshort{Proteomes}\gdef\@doiabbr{proteomes}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-7382}} \DeclareOption{psf}{\gdef\@journal{psf}\gdef\@journalfull{Physical Sciences Forum}\gdef\@journalshort{Phys. Sci. Forum}\gdef\@doiabbr{psf}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9984}} \DeclareOption{psych}{\gdef\@journal{psych}\gdef\@journalfull{Psych}\gdef\@journalshort{Psych}\gdef\@doiabbr{psych}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-8611}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{psychiatryint}{\gdef\@journal{psychiatryint}\gdef\@journalfull{Psychiatry International}\gdef\@journalshort{Psychiatry Int.}\gdef\@doiabbr{psychiatryint}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-5318}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{psychoactives}{\gdef\@journal{psychoactives}\gdef\@journalfull{Psychoactives}\gdef\@journalshort{Psychoactives}\gdef\@doiabbr{psychoactives}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-1851}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{publications}{\gdef\@journal{publications}\gdef\@journalfull{Publications}\gdef\@journalshort{Publications}\gdef\@doiabbr{publications}\gdef\@ISSN{2304-6775}} \DeclareOption{quantumrep}{\gdef\@journal{quantumrep}\gdef\@journalfull{Quantum Reports}\gdef\@journalshort{Quantum Rep.}\gdef\@doiabbr{quantum}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-960X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{quaternary}{\gdef\@journal{quaternary}\gdef\@journalfull{Quaternary}\gdef\@journalshort{Quaternary}\gdef\@doiabbr{quat}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-550X}} \DeclareOption{qubs}{\gdef\@journal{qubs}\gdef\@journalfull{Quantum Beam Science}\gdef\@journalshort{Quantum Beam Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{qubs}\gdef\@ISSN{2412-382X}} \DeclareOption{radiation}{\gdef\@journal{radiation}\gdef\@journalfull{Radiation}\gdef\@journalshort{Radiation}\gdef\@doiabbr{radiation}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-592X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{reactions}{\gdef\@journal{reactions}\gdef\@journalfull{Reactions}\gdef\@journalshort{Reactions}\gdef\@doiabbr{reactions}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-781X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{receptors}{\gdef\@journal{receptors}\gdef\@journalfull{Receptors}\gdef\@journalshort{Receptors}\gdef\@doiabbr{receptors}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{recycling}{\gdef\@journal{recycling}\gdef\@journalfull{Recycling}\gdef\@journalshort{Recycling}\gdef\@doiabbr{recycling}\gdef\@ISSN{2313-4321}} \DeclareOption{regeneration}{\gdef\@journal{regeneration}\gdef\@journalfull{Regeneration}\gdef\@journalshort{Regeneration}\gdef\@doiabbr{regeneration}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{religions}{\gdef\@journal{religions}\gdef\@journalfull{Religions}\gdef\@journalshort{Religions}\gdef\@doiabbr{rel}\gdef\@ISSN{2077-1444}} \DeclareOption{remotesensing}{\gdef\@journal{remotesensing}\gdef\@journalfull{Remote Sensing}\gdef\@journalshort{Remote Sens.}\gdef\@doiabbr{rs}\gdef\@ISSN{2072-4292}} \DeclareOption{reports}{\gdef\@journal{reports}\gdef\@journalfull{Reports}\gdef\@journalshort{Reports}\gdef\@doiabbr{reports}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-841X}} \DeclareOption{reprodmed}{\gdef\@journal{reprodmed}\gdef\@journalfull{Reproductive Medicine}\gdef\@journalshort{Reprod. Med.}\gdef\@doiabbr{reprodmed}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-3897}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{resources}{\gdef\@journal{resources}\gdef\@journalfull{Resources}\gdef\@journalshort{Resources}\gdef\@doiabbr{resources}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-9276}} \DeclareOption{rheumato}{\gdef\@journal{rheumato}\gdef\@journalfull{Rheumato}\gdef\@journalshort{Rheumato}\gdef\@doiabbr{rheumato}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-0621}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{risks}{\gdef\@journal{risks}\gdef\@journalfull{Risks}\gdef\@journalshort{Risks}\gdef\@doiabbr{risks}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-9091}} \DeclareOption{robotics}{\gdef\@journal{robotics}\gdef\@journalfull{Robotics}\gdef\@journalshort{Robotics}\gdef\@doiabbr{robotics}\gdef\@ISSN{2218-6581}} \DeclareOption{ruminants}{\gdef\@journal{ruminants}\gdef\@journalfull{Ruminants}\gdef\@journalshort{Ruminants}\gdef\@doiabbr{ruminants}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-933X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{safety}{\gdef\@journal{safety}\gdef\@journalfull{Safety}\gdef\@journalshort{Safety}\gdef\@doiabbr{safety}\gdef\@ISSN{2313-576X}} \DeclareOption{sci}{\gdef\@journal{sci}\gdef\@journalfull{Sci}\gdef\@journalshort{Sci}\gdef\@doiabbr{sci}\gdef\@ISSN{2413-4155}} \DeclareOption{scipharm}{\gdef\@journal{scipharm}\gdef\@journalfull{Scientia Pharmaceutica}\gdef\@journalshort{Sci. Pharm.}\gdef\@doiabbr{scipharm}\gdef\@ISSN{2218-0532}} \DeclareOption{sclerosis}{\gdef\@journal{sclerosis}\gdef\@journalfull{Sclerosis}\gdef\@journalshort{Sclerosis}\gdef\@doiabbr{sclerosis}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-3064}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{seeds}{\gdef\@journal{seeds}\gdef\@journalfull{Seeds}\gdef\@journalshort{Seeds}\gdef\@doiabbr{seeds}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-1024}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{sensors}{\gdef\@journal{sensors}\gdef\@journalfull{Sensors}\gdef\@journalshort{Sensors}\gdef\@doiabbr{s}\gdef\@ISSN{1424-8220}} \DeclareOption{separations}{\gdef\@journal{separations}\gdef\@journalfull{Separations}\gdef\@journalshort{Separations}\gdef\@doiabbr{separations}\gdef\@ISSN{2297-8739}} \DeclareOption{sexes}{\gdef\@journal{sexes}\gdef\@journalfull{Sexes}\gdef\@journalshort{Sexes}\gdef\@doiabbr{sexes}\gdef\@ISSN{2411-5118}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{signals}{\gdef\@journal{signals}\gdef\@journalfull{Signals}\gdef\@journalshort{Signals}\gdef\@doiabbr{signals}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-6120}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{sinusitis}{\gdef\@journal{sinusitis}\gdef\@journalfull{Sinusitis}\gdef\@journalshort{Sinusitis}\gdef\@doiabbr{sinusitis}\gdef\@ISSN{2309-107X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{skins}{\gdef\@journal{skins}\gdef\@journalfull{Skins}\gdef\@journalshort{Skins}\gdef\@doiabbr{skins}\gdef\@ISSN{}} \DeclareOption{smartcities}{\gdef\@journal{smartcities}\gdef\@journalfull{Smart Cities}\gdef\@journalshort{Smart Cities}\gdef\@doiabbr{smartcities}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-6511}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{sna}{\gdef\@journal{sna}\gdef\@journalfull{Sinusitis and Asthma}\gdef\@journalshort{Sinusitis Asthma}\gdef\@doiabbr{sna}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-7003}} \DeclareOption{societies}{\gdef\@journal{societies}\gdef\@journalfull{Societies}\gdef\@journalshort{Societies}\gdef\@doiabbr{soc}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-4698}} \DeclareOption{socsci}{\gdef\@journal{socsci}\gdef\@journalfull{Social Sciences}\gdef\@journalshort{Soc. Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{socsci}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-0760}} \DeclareOption{software}{\gdef\@journal{software}\gdef\@journalfull{Software}\gdef\@journalshort{Software}\gdef\@doiabbr{software}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{soilsystems}{\gdef\@journal{soilsystems}\gdef\@journalfull{Soil Systems}\gdef\@journalshort{Soil Syst.}\gdef\@doiabbr{soilsystems}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-8789}} \DeclareOption{solar}{\gdef\@journal{solar}\gdef\@journalfull{Solar}\gdef\@journalshort{Solar}\gdef\@doiabbr{solar}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-9941}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{solids}{\gdef\@journal{solids}\gdef\@journalfull{Solids}\gdef\@journalshort{Solids}\gdef\@doiabbr{solids}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6497}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{spectroscj}{\gdef\@journal{spectroscj}\gdef\@journalfull{Spectroscopy Journal}\gdef\@journalshort{Spectrosc. J.}\gdef\@doiabbr{spectroscj}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{sports}{\gdef\@journal{sports}\gdef\@journalfull{Sports}\gdef\@journalshort{Sports}\gdef\@doiabbr{sports}\gdef\@ISSN{2075-4663}} \DeclareOption{standards}{\gdef\@journal{standards}\gdef\@journalfull{Standards}\gdef\@journalshort{Standards}\gdef\@doiabbr{standards}\gdef\@ISSN{2305-6703}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{stats}{\gdef\@journal{stats}\gdef\@journalfull{Stats}\gdef\@journalshort{Stats}\gdef\@doiabbr{stats}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-905X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{std}{\gdef\@journal{std}\gdef\@journalfull{Surgical Techniques Development}\gdef\@journalshort{Surg. Tech. Dev.}\gdef\@doiabbr{std}\gdef\@ISSN{2038-9582}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{stresses}{\gdef\@journal{stresses}\gdef\@journalfull{Stresses}\gdef\@journalshort{Stresses}\gdef\@doiabbr{stresses}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7140}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{surfaces}{\gdef\@journal{surfaces}\gdef\@journalfull{Surfaces}\gdef\@journalshort{Surfaces}\gdef\@doiabbr{surfaces}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-9637}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{surgeries}{\gdef\@journal{surgeries}\gdef\@journalfull{Surgeries}\gdef\@journalshort{Surgeries}\gdef\@doiabbr{surgeries}\gdef\@ISSN{2017-2017}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{suschem}{\gdef\@journal{suschem}\gdef\@journalfull{Sustainable Chemistry}\gdef\@journalshort{Sustain. Chem.}\gdef\@doiabbr{suschem}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4079}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{sustainability}{\gdef\@journal{sustainability}\gdef\@journalfull{Sustainability}\gdef\@journalshort{Sustainability}\gdef\@doiabbr{su}\gdef\@ISSN{2071-1050}} \DeclareOption{symmetry}{\gdef\@journal{symmetry}\gdef\@journalfull{Symmetry}\gdef\@journalshort{Symmetry}\gdef\@doiabbr{sym}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-8994}} \DeclareOption{synbio}{\gdef\@journal{synbio}\gdef\@journalfull{SynBio}\gdef\@journalshort{SynBio}\gdef\@doiabbr{synbio}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-0583}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{systems}{\gdef\@journal{systems}\gdef\@journalfull{Systems}\gdef\@journalshort{Systems}\gdef\@doiabbr{systems}\gdef\@ISSN{2079-8954}} \DeclareOption{targets}{\gdef\@journal{targets}\gdef\@journalfull{Targets}\gdef\@journalshort{Targets}\gdef\@doiabbr{targets}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{taxonomy}{\gdef\@journal{taxonomy}\gdef\@journalfull{Taxonomy}\gdef\@journalshort{Taxonomy}\gdef\@doiabbr{taxonomy}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-6500}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{technologies}{\gdef\@journal{technologies}\gdef\@journalfull{Technologies}\gdef\@journalshort{Technologies}\gdef\@doiabbr{technologies}\gdef\@ISSN{2227-7080}} \DeclareOption{telecom}{\gdef\@journal{telecom}\gdef\@journalfull{Telecom}\gdef\@journalshort{Telecom}\gdef\@doiabbr{telecom}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4001}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{test}{\gdef\@journal{test}\gdef\@journalfull{Test}\gdef\@journalshort{Test}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{}} \DeclareOption{textiles}{\gdef\@journal{textiles}\gdef\@journalfull{Textiles}\gdef\@journalshort{Textiles}\gdef\@doiabbr{textiles}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7248}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{thalassrep}{\gdef\@journal{thalassrep}\gdef\@journalfull{Thalassemia Reports}\gdef\@journalshort{Thalass. Rep.}\gdef\@doiabbr{thalassrep}\gdef\@ISSN{2039-4365}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{thermo}{\gdef\@journal{thermo}\gdef\@journalfull{Thermo}\gdef\@journalshort{Thermo}\gdef\@doiabbr{thermo}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7264}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{timespace}{\gdef\@journal{timespace}\gdef\@journalfull{Time and Space}\gdef\@journalshort{Time Space}\gdef\@doiabbr{timespace}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{tomography}{\gdef\@journal{tomography}\gdef\@journalfull{Tomography}\gdef\@journalshort{Tomography}\gdef\@doiabbr{tomography}\gdef\@ISSN{2379-139X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{tourismhosp}{\gdef\@journal{tourismhosp}\gdef\@journalfull{Tourism and Hospitality}\gdef\@journalshort{Tour. Hosp.}\gdef\@doiabbr{tourhosp}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-5768}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{toxics}{\gdef\@journal{toxics}\gdef\@journalfull{Toxics}\gdef\@journalshort{Toxics}\gdef\@doiabbr{toxics}\gdef\@ISSN{2305-6304}} \DeclareOption{toxins}{\gdef\@journal{toxins}\gdef\@journalfull{Toxins}\gdef\@journalshort{Toxins}\gdef\@doiabbr{toxins}\gdef\@ISSN{2072-6651}} \DeclareOption{transplantology}{\gdef\@journal{transplantology}\gdef\@journalfull{Transplantology}\gdef\@journalshort{Transplantology}\gdef\@doiabbr{transplantology}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-3943}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{transportation}{\gdef\@journal{transportation}\gdef\@journalfull{Transportation}\gdef\@journalshort{Transportation}\gdef\@doiabbr{transportation}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{traumacare}{\gdef\@journal{traumacare}\gdef\@journalfull{Trauma Care}\gdef\@journalshort{Trauma Care}\gdef\@doiabbr{traumacare}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-866X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{traumas}{\gdef\@journal{traumas}\gdef\@journalfull{Traumas}\gdef\@journalshort{Traumas}\gdef\@doiabbr{traumas}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-7477}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{tropicalmed}{\gdef\@journal{tropicalmed}\gdef\@journalfull{Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease}\gdef\@journalshort{Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.}\gdef\@doiabbr{tropicalmed}\gdef\@ISSN{2414-6366}} \DeclareOption{universe}{\gdef\@journal{universe}\gdef\@journalfull{Universe}\gdef\@journalshort{Universe}\gdef\@doiabbr{universe}\gdef\@ISSN{2218-1997}} \DeclareOption{urbansci}{\gdef\@journal{urbansci}\gdef\@journalfull{Urban Science}\gdef\@journalshort{Urban Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{urbansci}\gdef\@ISSN{2413-8851}} \DeclareOption{uro}{\gdef\@journal{uro}\gdef\@journalfull{Uro}\gdef\@journalshort{Uro}\gdef\@doiabbr{uro}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4397}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{vaccines}{\gdef\@journal{vaccines}\gdef\@journalfull{Vaccines}\gdef\@journalshort{Vaccines}\gdef\@doiabbr{vaccines}\gdef\@ISSN{2076-393X}} \DeclareOption{vehicles}{\gdef\@journal{vehicles}\gdef\@journalfull{Vehicles}\gdef\@journalshort{Vehicles}\gdef\@doiabbr{vehicles}\gdef\@ISSN{2624-8921}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{venereology}{\gdef\@journal{venereology}\gdef\@journalfull{Venereology}\gdef\@journalshort{Venereology}\gdef\@doiabbr{venereology}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-0710}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{vetsci}{\gdef\@journal{vetsci}\gdef\@journalfull{Veterinary Sciences}\gdef\@journalshort{Vet. Sci.}\gdef\@doiabbr{vetsci}\gdef\@ISSN{2306-7381}} \DeclareOption{vibration}{\gdef\@journal{vibration}\gdef\@journalfull{Vibration}\gdef\@journalshort{Vibration}\gdef\@doiabbr{vibration}\gdef\@ISSN{2571-631X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{virtualworlds}{\gdef\@journal{virtualworlds}\gdef\@journalfull{Virtual Worlds}\gdef\@journalshort{Virtual Worlds}\gdef\@doiabbr{virtualworlds}\gdef\@ISSN{}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{viruses}{\gdef\@journal{viruses}\gdef\@journalfull{Viruses}\gdef\@journalshort{Viruses}\gdef\@doiabbr{v}\gdef\@ISSN{1999-4915}} \DeclareOption{vision}{\gdef\@journal{vision}\gdef\@journalfull{Vision}\gdef\@journalshort{Vision}\gdef\@doiabbr{vision}\gdef\@ISSN{2411-5150}} \DeclareOption{waste}{\gdef\@journal{waste}\gdef\@journalfull{Waste}\gdef\@journalshort{Waste}\gdef\@doiabbr{waste}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-0391}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{water}{\gdef\@journal{water}\gdef\@journalfull{Water}\gdef\@journalshort{Water}\gdef\@doiabbr{w}\gdef\@ISSN{2073-4441}} \DeclareOption{wem}{\gdef\@journal{wem}\gdef\@journalfull{Wildlife Ecology and Management}\gdef\@journalshort{Wildl. Ecol. Manag.}\gdef\@doiabbr{}\gdef\@ISSN{1234-4321}} \DeclareOption{wevj}{\gdef\@journal{wevj}\gdef\@journalfull{World Electric Vehicle Journal}\gdef\@journalshort{World Electr. Veh. J.}\gdef\@doiabbr{wevj}\gdef\@ISSN{2032-6653}} \DeclareOption{wind}{\gdef\@journal{wind}\gdef\@journalfull{Wind}\gdef\@journalshort{Wind}\gdef\@doiabbr{wind}\gdef\@ISSN{2674-032X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{women}{\gdef\@journal{women}\gdef\@journalfull{Women}\gdef\@journalshort{Women}\gdef\@doiabbr{women}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4184}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{world}{\gdef\@journal{world}\gdef\@journalfull{World}\gdef\@journalshort{World}\gdef\@doiabbr{world}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-4060}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{youth}{\gdef\@journal{youth}\gdef\@journalfull{Youth}\gdef\@journalshort{Youth}\gdef\@doiabbr{youth}\gdef\@ISSN{2673-995X}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \DeclareOption{zoonoticdis}{\gdef\@journal{zoonoticdis}\gdef\@journalfull{Zoonotic Diseases}\gdef\@journalshort{Zoonotic Dis.}\gdef\@doiabbr{zoonoticdis}\gdef\@ISSN{2813-0227}\gdef\@continuouspages{yes}} \documentclass[preprints,proceedingpaper,accept,moreauthors,pdftex]{Definitions/mdpi} %================================================================= \firstpage{1} \makeatletter \setcounter{page}{\@firstpage} \makeatother \pubvolume{9} \issuenum{1} \articlenumber{0} \pubyear{2023} \copyrightyear{2023} \datereceived{ } \daterevised{ } % Comment out if no revised date \dateaccepted{ } \datepublished{ 13 December 2023} %\datecorrected{} % For corrected papers: "Corrected: XXX" date in the original paper. %\dateretracted{} % For corrected papers: "Retracted: XXX" date in the original paper. \hreflink{https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023009019} % If needed use \linebreak %\doinum{} %\pdfoutput=1 % Uncommented for upload to arXiv.org %================================================================= % Add packages and commands here. The following packages are loaded in our class file: fontenc, calc, indentfirst, fancyhdr, graphicx, lastpage, ifthen, lineno, float, amsmath, setspace, enumitem, mathpazo, booktabs, titlesec, etoolbox, amsthm, hyphenat, natbib, hyperref, footmisc, geometry, caption, url, mdframed, tabto, soul, multirow, microtype, tikz % macros provided by Ali Mohammad-Djafari % Use only if needed \usepackage{color,xspace} %%\usepackage{Definitions/macros_gpi} \usepackage{dsfont} \usepackage{subcaption} %\usepackage[nolist]{acronym} %\usepackage{algorithm2e} %\usepackage{cases} %\usepackage{caption} %\usepackage{subcaption} %\usepackage{array} %\usepackage{xcolor} %\usepackage{multirow} %\usepackage{cite} \usepackage{natbib} \usepackage{dsfont} %\usepackage[nolist]{acronym} % Use in case you have great number of graphics file. Put all of them in Figs sub-directory \graphicspath{{figs/}} \setitemize{parsep=6pt,itemsep=0pt,leftmargin=*,labelsep=5.5mm} \setenumerate{parsep=6pt,itemsep=0pt,leftmargin=*,labelsep=5.5mm} \setlist[description]{itemsep=0mm} \usepackage{environ} \NewEnviron{myequation}{% \begin{equation} \scalebox{0.95}{$\BODY$} \end{equation} } %================================================================= %% Please use the following mathematics environments: Theorem, Lemma, Corollary, Proposition, Characterization, Property, Problem, Example, ExamplesandDefinitions, Hypothesis, Remark, Definition, Notation, Assumption %% For proofs, please use the proof environment (the amsthm package is loaded by the MDPI class). %================================================================= % Full title of the paper (Capitalized) % REPLACE WITH YOUR TITLE? AUTHOR? AFFILIATION, .. \Title{Inferring Evidence %title edit, please confirm from Nested Sampling Data via Information Field Theory $^\dagger$} \TitleCitation{Inferring Evidence from Nested Sampling Data via Information Field Theory} % Author Orchid ID: enter ID or remove command %\newcommand{\orcidauthorA}{0000-0003-0678-7759} % Add \orcidA{} behind the author's name %\newcommand{\orcidauthorB}{0000-0000-000-000X} % Add \orcidB{} behind the author's name % Authors, for the paper (add full first names) \Author{Margret Westerkamp $^{1,2}$* , Jakob Roth $^{1,2,3}$, Philipp Frank $^{1}$, Will Handley $^{4,5}$ and Torsten Enßlin $^{1,2}$} % Authors, for metadata in PDF \AuthorNames{Margret Westerkamp, Jakob Roth, Philipp Frank, Will Handley, Torsten Enßlin} \AuthorCitation{Westerkamp, M.; Roth, J.; Frank, P. ; Handley, W.; Enßlin T.} \address{% $^1$ \quad Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, 85748 Garching, Germany \\ $^2$ \quad Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Faculty for Physics, 80539 Munich, Germany \\ $^3$ \quad Technical University Munich, Department for Computer Science, 85748 Munich, Germany \\ $^4$ \quad Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK \\ $^5$ \quad Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, UK } \corres{Correspondence: margret@mpa-garching.mpg.de} % Current address and/or shared authorship \firstnote{Presented at the 42nd International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering, Garching, Germany, 3--7 July 2023.} % The commands \thirdnote{} till \eighthnote{} are available for further notes %\simplesumm{} % Simple summary %\conference{} % An extended version of a conference paper % PUT YOUR ABSTRACT HERE % Abstract (Do not insert blank lines, i.e., \\) \abstract{ Nested sampling provides an estimate of the evidence of a Bayesian inference problem via probing the likelihood as a function of the enclosed prior volume. However, the lack of precise values of the enclosed prior mass of the samples introduces probing noise, which can hamper high-accuracy determinations of the evidence values as estimated from the likelihood-prior-volume function. We introduce an approach based on information field theory, a framework for non-parametric function reconstruction from data, that infers the likelihood-prior-volume function by exploiting its smoothness and thereby aims to improve the evidence calculation. Our method provides posterior samples of the likelihood-prior-volume function that translate into a quantification of the remaining sampling noise for the evidence estimate, or for any other quantity derived from the likelihood-prior-volume function.} % PUT YOUR KEYWORDS HERE % Keywords \keyword{nested sampling; Bayesian evidence; information field theory} %\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \begin{document} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \maketitle % For abstract only, no need % When your abstract is accepted, you can put % your main texte here. The same can be used for the final selected paper submission. %\input{main_texte.tex} \section{Introduction} Nested sampling is a computational technique for Bayesian inference developed by \citep{10.1214/06-BA127}. Whereas previous statistical sampling algorithms were primarily designed to sample the posterior, the nested sampling algorithm focuses on computing the evidence by estimating how the likelihood function relates to the prior. As discussed in \citep{Handley_2015}, Bayesian inference consists of parameter estimation and model comparison. In Bayesian parameter estimation, the model parameters $\theta_\mathcal{M}$ for a given model $\mathcal{M}$ and data $d$ are inferred via Bayes' theorem, \begin{align} \mathcal{P}(\theta_{\mathcal{M}}| d, \mathcal{M}) = \frac{\mathcal{P}( d| \theta_{\mathcal{M}}, \mathcal{M}) \mathcal{P}(\theta_\mathcal{M}| \mathcal{M})} {\mathcal{P}(d| \mathcal{M})} . \label{eq:BayesParameterEstimation} \end{align} Here, $\mathcal{P}(\theta_{\mathcal{M}}| d, \mathcal{M})$ is the posterior probability for the model parameters $\theta_\mathcal{M}$ given the data $d$. The likelihood $\mathcal{P}( d| \theta_{\mathcal{M}}, \mathcal{M})$ describes the measurement process, which generated the data $d$, and the prior $\mathcal{P}(\theta_\mathcal{M}| \mathcal{M})$ encodes our prior knowledge of the parameters within the given model. The normalization of the posterior, \begin{align} Z = \mathcal{P}(d|\mathcal{M}) = \int d\theta_{\mathcal{M}} \mathcal{P}(\theta_\mathcal{M}, d| \mathcal{M})\label{eq:evidence}, \end{align} is called the evidence and is the focus of this study. In Bayesian parameter estimation, it is common to work with not normalized posteriors. Thus, in this scenario, the computation of the evidence is less critical. In contrast, when comparing different Bayesian models, estimating the evidence for different models is very important. In this case, the aim is to find the most probable model $\mathcal{M}_i$ given the data, \begin{align} \mathcal{P}(\mathcal{M}_i|d) = \frac{\mathcal{P}(d|\mathcal{M}_i)\mathcal{P}(\mathcal{M}_i)}{\mathcal{P}(d)}.\label{eq:BayesModelComparison} \end{align} Assuming a uniform prior for all arbitrary models $\mathcal{P}(\mathcal{M}_i)=\text{const}$, this turns out to be equivalent to choosing the model with the highest evidence. In nested sampling, the possibly multidimensional integral of the posterior in\linebreak \mbox{Equation \eqref{eq:evidence}} is transformed into a one-dimensional integral by directly using the prior mass $X$. In particular, by transforming the problem into a series of nested spaces, nested sampling provides an elegant way to compute the evidence. The algorithm starts by drawing $N$ samples from the prior, called the live points. For each of these points, the likelihood is calculated and the live point with the lowest likelihood is removed from the set of live points and added to another set, called the dead points. A new live point is then sampled that has a higher likelihood value than the last added dead point. This type of sampling is commonly referred to as likelihood-restricted sampling. However, the specific methods associated with likelihood-restricted sampling are not discussed further in this paper. As a consequence of the procedure, the prior volume shrinks from one to zero, contracting around the peak of the posterior. The prior mass X contained in the parameter space volume with likelihood values larger than $L$ can be computed by \begin{align} \label{eq:PriorVolumeIntegral} X(L) = \int_{\mathcal{P}( d| \theta_{\mathcal{M}}, \mathcal{M})> L} \mathcal{P}(\theta_\mathcal{M}|\mathcal{M}) ~d\theta_\mathcal{M}. \end{align} Thus, Equation \eqref{eq:evidence} simplifies to a one-dimensional integral, \begin{align} Z = \int_0^1 L(X) dX, \end{align} where $L(X)$ is the inverse of Equation \eqref{eq:PriorVolumeIntegral}. Accordingly, this integral can be approximated by the weighted sum over all $m$ dead points \begin{align} Z \approx \sum_{i=1}^m \omega_i L_i. \label{eq:NSLevidence} \end{align} As proposed in \citep{10.1214/06-BA127}, we calculate the weights via $\omega_i = \frac{1}{2}(X_{i-1}-X_{i+1})$ assuming $X_0 = 1$ and $X_{m+1}=0$. Adding dead points to their set and adjusting the evidence accordingly continues until the remaining live points occupy a tiny prior volume that would contribute little to the weighted sum in Equation \eqref{eq:NSLevidence}. For the calculation in Equation \eqref{eq:NSLevidence} not only the known live and dead contours of the likelihood are needed but also the corresponding prior volumes encoded in $\omega_i$, which are not precisely known. According to \citep{10.1214/06-BA127} there are two different approaches to approximate the prior volumes $X_i$, a stochastic scheme and a deterministic scheme. In the stochastic scheme the change of volume due to each removed shell $i$ is a stochastic process characterised by a Beta distributed random variable $t_i$, \begin{align} X_0 =1, ~~~ X_i = t_i X_{i-1},~~~ \mathcal{P}(t_i) = \text{Beta}(t_i| 1, N ) = N t_i^{N-1} \label{eq:ChangeOfVolume}, \end{align} where we assume a constant number of live points $N$. Approaches with a varying number of live points were i.a. introduced in dynamic nested sampling by \citep{Speagle_2020, Higson_2018} and extend beyond the boundaries of this research until the present moment. This probabilistic description of the prior volume evolution allows to draw several samples of prior volumes $X$, according to the likelihood values $L$, and to thereby get uncertainty estimates on the evidence calculation (Equation \eqref{eq:NSLevidence}). In the deterministic scheme the logarithmic prior volume is estimated via, \begin{align} \ln(X_i) = -\frac{i}{N}, \label{eq:CrudeVolumeAssumption} \end{align} at the $i$th iteration. This estimate is derived from the fact that the expectation value of the logarithmic volume changes is $\langle \ln t_i \rangle = -1/N$. However, this estimate does not take the uncertainties in the evidence calculation \citep{Keeton_2011} into account and differs from unbiased approaches introduced and analysed in \citep{walter2015rare, Chopin_2010, salomone2018unbiased}. In any case, the imprecise knowledge of the prior volume introduces probing noise that can potentially hinder the accurate calculation of the evidence. In order to improve the accuracy of the posterior integration, we aim to reconstruct the likelihood-prior-volume function given certain a priori assumptions on the function itself using Bayesian inference. Here, we introduce a prior and likelihood model for the reconstruction of the likelihood-prior-volume function, which we will call the reconstruction prior and the reconstruction likelihood to avoid confusion with likelihood contour and prior volume information obtained from nested sampling. The left side of Figure~\ref{fig:NSLdata} illustrates the nested sampling likelihood dead contours generated by the software package anesthetic \citep{anesthetic} for the simple Gaussian example discussed in Section~\ref{sec:Parametristaion} and two live points (N = 2) as a function of prior volume. In the following, we call the likelihood values of the dead points the likelihood data $\vec{d}_L$ and the prior volume, approximated by Equation \eqref{eq:CrudeVolumeAssumption}, the prior volume data $\vec{d}_X$. Additionally, the analytical solution of the likelihood-prior-volume function, which we call the ground truth, is plotted. \vspace{-12pt} \begin{figure}[H] % \begin{center} \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figs/nsl_data.png} \end{subfigure} \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figs/rescaled_nsl_data.png} \end{subfigure} % \end{center} \caption{(\textbf{Left}): Visualisation of the nested sampling dead point logarithmic likelihoods, $\vec{d}_L$, as a function of logarithmic prior mass data, $\vec{d}_X$, for the normalized simple Gaussian in Equation \eqref{eq:GaussianlikelihoodCurve} ($\sigma_X = 0.01, ~D = 10$). The corresponding data was generated by the software package \mbox{anesthetic \citep{anesthetic}}. (\textbf{Right}): Visualisation of the reparametrised nested sampling dead point logarithmic likelihoods according to Equation \eqref{eq:Reparametrisation} as a function of logarithmic prior mass for the same case as shown left.} \label{fig:NSLdata} \end{figure} In accordance with the here considered example, we assume the likelihood-prior-volume function to be smooth for most real-world applications of nested sampling. In this study, we propose an approach that incorporates this assumption of a-priori-smoothness and enforces monotonicity. In particular, we use Information Field Theory (IFT) \citep{En_lin_2019} as a versatile mathematical tool to reconstruct a continuous likelihood-prior-volume function from a discrete dataset of likelihood contours and to impose the prior knowledge on \mbox{the function. } As noted in \citep{buchner2023nested}, the time complexity of the nested sampling algorithm depends on several factors. First, the time complexity depends on the information gain of the posterior over the prior, which is equal to the shrinkage of the prior required to reach the bulk of the posterior. This is described mathematically by the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KL) \citep{10.1214/aoms/1177729694}, \begin{align} \mathcal{D}_\text{KL} = \int d \theta_\mathcal{M} \mathcal{P}(\theta_\mathcal{M}| d, \mathcal{M}) \ln \frac{\mathcal{P}(\theta_\mathcal{M}| d, \mathcal{M})}{\mathcal{P}(\theta_\mathcal{M}|\mathcal{M})}. \end{align} Second, the time complexity increases with the number of live points $N$, which defines the shrinkage per iteration. Furthermore, the time for evaluating the likelihood $L(\theta)$, $\mathcal{T}_L$, and the time for sampling a new live point in the likelihood restricted volume, $\mathcal{T}_\text{samp}$, contribute to the time complexity. Accordingly, in \citep{petrosyan2022supernest} the time complexity of the nested sampling algorithm $T$ and the error $\sigma_Z$ have been characterised via, \begin{align} T &\propto N \times \langle \mathcal{T}_L\rangle \times \langle \mathcal{T}_\text{samp} \rangle \times \mathcal{D}_{\text{KL}} \label{eq:TimeComplexity} \\ \sigma_Z &\propto \sqrt{\mathcal{D}_{\text{KL}}/ N}. \label{eq:NSLError} \end{align} Upon examining the error, $\sigma_Z$, it becomes evident that reducing the error by increasing the number of live points leads to significantly longer execution times. Accordingly, by inferring the likelihood-prior-volume function, we aim to reduce the error in the log-evidence for a given $\mathcal{D}_\text{KL}$ and a fixed number of live points, $N$, avoiding a significant increase in time complexity. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. In Section~\ref{sec:Parametristaion}, the description of the reconstruction prior of the likelihood-prior-volume curve is discussed. The model for the reconstruction likelihood and the inference of the likelihood-prior-volume function and the prior volumes using IFT is described in Section~\ref{sec:IFT}. The corresponding results for a Gaussian example and the impact on the evidence calculation are shown in Section~\ref{sec:results}. And eventually, the conclusion and outlook for future work are given in Section~\ref{sec:conclusion}. \section{The Reconstruction Prior Model for the Likelihood-Prior-Volume Function} \label{sec:Parametristaion} A priori we assume that the likelihood-prior-volume function is smooth and monotonically decreasing. This is achieved by representing the negative rate of change of the logarithmic prior volume, $\ln X$, with a monotonic function of the likelihood $a_L$ as a log-normal process, \begin{align} -\frac{d \ln X}{d a_L} = e^{\tau(\ln X)}.\label{eq:LognormalProcess} \end{align} In the words of IFT, we model the one-dimensional field $\tau$, which assigns to each logarithmic prior volume a value, as a Gaussian process with $\mathcal{P}(\tau) = \mathcal{G}(\tau, T)$. Thereby, we do not assume a fixed power spectrum for the Gaussian process, but reconstruct it simultaneously with $\tau$ itself. An overview of this Gaussian process model is given in Appendix \ref{sec:CorrField}. The details can be found in \citep{Arras_2022}. In the most relevant volume for the evidence, the peak region of the posterior is expected to be similar to a Gaussian in a first order approximation. Therefore, the function $a_L$ is chosen such that $\tau$ is a constant for the Gaussian case. Deviations from the Gaussian are reflected in deviations of $\tau$ from the constant. Accordingly, we define, \begin{align} a_L = - \ln \biggl(-\ln \biggl(\frac{L}{L_\text{max}} \biggr)\biggr), \label{eq:Reparametrisation} \end{align} with $L_\text{max}$ being the maximal likelihood. We consider the simple Gaussian example proposed by \citep{10.1214/06-BA127}, \begin{align} L_\text{gauss}(X) &= \frac{1}{C(\sigma_X)} \exp\biggl(-\frac{X^{2/D}}{2\sigma_X^{2}}\biggr) ,\label{eq:GaussianlikelihoodCurve} \end{align} where $D$ is the dimension and $\sigma_X$ is the standard deviation. We find that the function $a_L(\ln X)$, defined in Equation~\eqref{eq:Reparametrisation}, becomes linear in this case, \begin{align} a_\text{gauss}(\ln X) = \ln(2\sigma_X^2) - \frac{2}{D} \ln X \label{eq:GaussianLinearRelation}. \end{align} Figure ~\ref{fig:NSLdata} illustrates the data and the ground truth on log-log-scale on the left and the linear relation $a_L(\ln X)$ on the right. According to the log-normal process defined in \mbox{Equation \eqref{eq:LognormalProcess}}, we define the function $a_L(\ln X)$, for arbitrary likelihoods, which is able to account for deviations from the Gaussian case, \begin{align} a_L(\ln X) = a_0 -\int_0^{\ln X} e^{-\tau(z)} dz. \label{eq:Functionality} \end{align} By inverting Equation \eqref{eq:Reparametrisation} we then get the desired likelihood-prior-volume function. The logarithmic prior volume values given the likelihood contours are obtained by inversion of Equation \eqref{eq:Functionality}. In Figure~\ref{fig:PriorSamples} several prior samples given the model for the reconstruction prior according to \mbox{Equation \eqref{eq:Functionality}} are shown. \vspace{-12pt} \begin{figure}[H] % \begin{center} \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figs/y_prior_samples.png} \end{subfigure} \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figs/a_prior_samples.png} \end{subfigure} % \end{center} \caption{Reconstruction prior samples of the likelihood-prior-volume function plotted together with the ground truth. (\textbf{Left}): Log-log-scale. (\textbf{Right}): Parametrisation according to Equation \eqref{eq:Reparametrisation}.} \label{fig:PriorSamples} \end{figure} However, often the maximum log-likelihood, $\ln L_\text{max}$, is not known. In \citep{Handley_2019}, the calculation of the maximum Shannon entropy $\mathcal{I} = \ln \biggl( \frac{\mathcal{P}(\theta|d)}{\mathcal{P}(\theta)}\biggr)$ is given. Using this approach, we can calculate the logarithmic maximum likelihood $\ln L_\text{max}$ and thus calculate $a_L$ for unknown likelihoods. \begin{align} \mathcal{I}_\text{max} &= \mathcal{D}_\text{KL} + \frac{D}{2} \\ \to \ln L_\text{max} &= \langle \ln L \rangle_{\mathcal{P}(\theta_\mathcal{M}|d, \mathcal{M})} + \frac{D}{2} \end{align} Hence, based on the likelihood contours obtained from the nested sampling run, we calculate the data based evidence, $Z_d$, using the approximated prior volumes according to Equation \eqref{eq:CrudeVolumeAssumption}. This allows us to obtain an estimate of the maximum log-likelihood, $\ln L_\text{max}$, of the model for reparametrisation, \begin{align} Z_d &\approx \sum_{i=1}^m d_{L_i} \times (d_{X_{i-1}}-d_{X_{i}}) \\ \to \ln L_\text{max} &\approx \sum_{i=1}^m \frac{d_{L_i}}{Z_d} (d_{X_{i-1}}-d_{X_{i}}) \ln d_{L_i} + \frac{D}{2}. \end{align} \section{The Reconstruction Likelihood Model and Joint Inference} \label{sec:IFT} In this section we will derive a model for the reconstruction likelihood for the joint inference of the likelihood-prior-volume function and the changes of logarithmic prior volume according to the likelihood data $\vec{d}_L$. Here, IFT and the software package NIFTy \citep{arras2019nifty5}, which facilitates the implementation of IFT algorithms, allow us to infer the reparametrised likelihood-prior-volume function in Equation \eqref{eq:Functionality} from the data, \begin{align} \vec{d}_a = - \ln \biggl(- \ln \biggl( \frac{\vec{d}_L}{L_\text{max}}\biggr) \biggr), \end{align} given the reconstruction prior and reconstruction likelihood model. For the inference of the likelihood-prior-volume function we first define the likelihood function $a_L$ as a function of the Beta distributed $t_i$ (Equation \eqref{eq:ChangeOfVolume}), \begin{align} a_L(z_j = \sum_{i=1}^j t_i) = a_0 - \int_0^{\sum_{i=1}^j t_i} e^{-\tau(z)} dz, \end{align} where $a_0$ is the likelihood for $X_0 =1$. We perform a joint reconstruction of the function $a_L$ and the vector $\vec{t}_{d}$ representing changes in prior volume according to the likelihood data $\vec{d}_a$ . \begin{align} \mathcal{P}(a, \vec{t}_d|\vec{d}_a) &\propto \mathcal{P}(\vec{d}_a| \vec{t}_d, a) ~ \mathcal{P}(\vec{t}_d, a) \label{eq:InferenceSqueme} \\ & = \mathcal{P}(\vec{d}_a| \vec{t}_d, a) ~ \mathcal{P}(a|\vec{t}_d) ~\mathcal{P}(\vec{t}_d) \notag \\ & = \delta(\vec{d}_a - a_L(\vec{t}_d))~ \mathcal{G}(\tau|T)~ \prod_{i=1}^m \text{Beta}(t_i|1, N) \notag \\ & \approx \mathcal{G}(\vec{d}_a - a_L(\vec{t}_d), \sigma_\delta) ~ \mathcal{G}(\tau|T) ~ \prod_{i=1}^m \text{Beta}(t_i|1, N) \notag \end{align} Here, the Gaussian uncertainty $\sigma_\delta$ is supposed to be chosen small in order to approximately represent the $\delta$-function. So far, we have managed to obtain a probabilistic model for the non-normalized reconstruction posterior. To this end, we use variational inference, in particular the geoVI algorithm supposed by \citep{Frank_2021}, to get an approximate of the true reconstruction posterior distribution. In the end, this statistical approach allows us to get an estimate of the likelihood-prior-volume function and the prior volumes via the posterior mean, its uncertainty and any other quantity of interest, which can be derived from the posterior samples. The results of the here developed method are shown in Section~\ref{sec:results}. \section{Results} \label{sec:results} To test the presented method we perform a reconstruction for the simple Gaussian example discussed in Section~\ref{sec:Parametristaion} and introduced in Figure \ref{fig:NSLdata}. The according results for the likelihood-prior-volume function are shown in Figure~\ref{fig:SimpleGaussianRec}. \vspace{-12pt} \begin{figure}[H] %\begin{center} \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figs/y_rec.png} \end{subfigure} \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figs/a_rec.png} \end{subfigure} %\end{center} \caption{Reconstruction results for the likelihood-prior-volume function for the simple Gaussian example in Equation \eqref{eq:GaussianlikelihoodCurve}. The plots show the data, the ground truth and the reconstruction as well as its uncertainty. (\textbf{Left}): Reconstruction results on log-log-scale. (\textbf{Right}): Reconstruction results in reparametrised coordinates according to Equation \eqref{eq:Reparametrisation}.} \label{fig:SimpleGaussianRec} \end{figure} Moreover, the posterior estimates of the logarithmic prior volumes to the according likelihood data $\vec{d}_L$ are shown in Figure~\ref{fig:SimpleGaussianRecPriorVolume}. \vspace{-12pt} \begin{figure}[H] %\begin{center} \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figs/y_prior_volume.png} \end{subfigure} \begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figs/a_prior_volume.png} \end{subfigure} %\end{center} \caption{Reconstruction results for the prior volumes given the likelihood data $\vec{d}_L$ for the simple Gaussian example in Equation \eqref{eq:GaussianlikelihoodCurve}. The plots show the data, the ground truth and the reconstruction as well as its uncertainty. (\textbf{Left}): Reconstruction results on log-log-scale. (\textbf{Right}): Reconstruction results in reparametrised coordinates according to Equation~\eqref{eq:Reparametrisation}.} \label{fig:SimpleGaussianRecPriorVolume} \end{figure} Since the main goal of nested sampling is to compute the evidence, we want to quantify the impact of the proposed method on the evidence calculation. To do this, we use $n_\text{samp}=200$ posterior samples for the prior volumes $X^*$ and calculate the evidence given the likelihood contours $\vec{d}_L$ for each of these samples according to Equation \eqref{eq:NSLevidence}, \begin{align} Z^* &= \sum_{i=1}^m (\vec{d}_L)_i \frac{1}{2} (X^*_{i-1} -X^*_{i+1}). \label{eq:SampleEvidence} \end{align} Similarly, we generate by means of anesthetic \citep{anesthetic} $n_\text{samp}=200$ samples of the prior volume via the probabilistic nested sampling approach described in Equation \eqref{eq:ChangeOfVolume}. Also for these samples we calculate the evidence according to Equation \eqref{eq:SampleEvidence}. A comparison of the histograms of evidences for both sample sets (classical nested sampling and reconstructed prior volumes) is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:Histogram}. \vspace{-15pt} \begin{figure}[H] % \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{figs/histogram.png} % \end{center} \caption{Comparison of histograms for logarithmic evidences for $n_\text{samp}=200$ samples for the classical nested sampling (NSL) approach and the reconstructed prior volumes.} \label{fig:Histogram} \end{figure} From the comparison of the histograms, one can already see that the standard deviation for the posterior sample evidences for the reconstructed prior volumes got smaller. This is also mirrored as soon as we look at numbers: The ground truth logarithmic evidence for this Gaussian case is $\ln Z_\text{gauss} = -37.798$. The result for the evidence for the classical nested sampling approach given $n_\text{samp}=200$ is $\ln Z_d = -38.92 \pm 4.50$. And finally, the result for the evidence inferred with the here presented approach from the likelihood contours assuming smoothness and enforcing monotonicity is $\ln Z = -37.97 \pm 2.89$. \section{Conclusions \& Outlook} \label{sec:conclusion} In our search for a more accurate estimate of the evidence, we set out to reconstruct the likelihood-prior-volume function. In particular, a Bayesian method was developed to infer jointly the likelihood-prior-volume function and the vector of prior volumes from the dead-point likelihood contours given by the nested sampling algorithm. For the reconstruction we enforce monotonicity and assume smoothness. The test of the reconstruction algorithm on a Gaussian example shows a significant improvement in the accuracy of the computed logarithmic evidence. In general, the approach presented here will only show notable improvements if the assumption of smoothness for the likelihood- prior-volume-curve holds. Fortunately, we can reasonably expect this assumption to hold in the majority of cases. Future work will apply the reconstruction algorithm to further likelihoods where the ground truth likelihood-prior-volume function is known for testing, with the ultimate goal of applying it to actual nested sampling outputs. In particular, the results on non-Gaussian likelihoods shall \mbox{be tested.} \vspace{6pt} \authorcontributions{Conceptualization, M.W., J.R., P.F., W.H. and T.E.; methodology, M.W., J.R., P.F., W.H. and T.E.; software, M.W., J.R. and W.H.; validation, M.W., J.R., P.F., W.H. and T.E.; formal analysis, M.W., J.R., P.F., W.H. and T.E.; investigation, M.W., J.R., P.F., W.H. and T.E.; data curation, M.W., J.R. W.H.; writing---original draft preparation, M.W.; writing---review and editing, M.W., J.R., P.F., W.H. and T.E.; visualization, M.W.; supervision, T.E.; project administration, M.W.; funding acquisition, T.E.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.} \funding{Margret Westerkamp acknowledges support for this research through the project Universal Bayesian Imaging Kit (UBIK, Förderkennzeichen 50OO2103) funded by the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR). Jakob Roth acknowledges financial support by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under grant 05A20W01 (Verbundprojekt D-MeerKAT). Philipp Frank acknowledges funding through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the project ErUM-IFT: Informationsfeldtheorie für Experimente an Großforschungsanlagen (Förderkennzeichen: 05D23EO1). This research was supported by the Munich Institute for Astro-, Particle and BioPhysics (MIAPbP) which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy- EXC-2094-390783311.} \institutionalreview{Not applicable} \informedconsent{Not applicable} \dataavailability{Data sharing not applicable} \conflictsofinterest{The authors declare no conflict of interest.} \appendixtitles{yes} \appendixstart \appendix \section{Gaussian Process Model in NIFTy\label{sec:CorrField}} In NIFTy \citep{arras2019nifty5} we represent our reconstruction priors via generative models as described in \citep{En_lin_2022}. More precisely we use the reparametrisation trick by \citep{kingma2015variational} according to \citep{knollmueller2020metric} to describe the field $\tau$ with correlation structure $T$ in Equation \eqref{eq:LognormalProcess} as a generative process, \begin{align} \tau = A \xi, ~~\mathcal{P}(\xi) = \mathcal{G}(\xi, \Xi),~~ T = AA^\dagger . \end{align} Under the a priori assumption of statistical homogeneity and isotropy, $A$ becomes diagonal in Fourier space and can be fully represented by the square root of the power spectrum $p_T(|k|)$, \begin{align} A_{k k^\prime} &= (F A F^\dagger)_{k k^\prime} = 2\pi \delta(k - k^\prime) \sqrt{p_T(|k|)}, \end{align} where $F$ is the corresponding Fourier transformation. Here, we model the logarithmic amplitude spectrum, $\sqrt{p_T(|k|)}$, as a power-law with non-parametric deviations represented by an integrated Wiener process on logarithmic coordinates $l = \ln(|k|)$ according to \citep{Arras_2022}, \begin{align} \sqrt{p_T(l)} \propto e^{\gamma(l)},~~ \frac{d^2 \gamma}{d l^2} = \eta \xi_\text{W} (l), ~~\mathcal{P}(\xi_W) = \mathcal{G}(\xi_W| \mathds{1}). \end{align} The resulting shape of the power spectrum is encoded in $\xi_W$, $\eta$ and additional integration and normalization parameters. These additional parameters are represented by Gaussian and log-normal processes themselves and such their generative prior models are defined by hyperparameters characterising their mean and variance. %\begin{align} test \end{align} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \begin{adjustwidth}{-\extralength}{0cm} \reftitle{References} % \bibliography{biblio/mybib} \begin{thebibliography}{999} \bibitem[Skilling(2006)]{10.1214/06-BA127} Skilling, J. \newblock {Nested sampling for general Bayesian computation}. \newblock {\em Bayesian Anal.} {\bf 2006}, {\em 1},~833--859. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1214/06-BA127}}. \bibitem[Handley et~al.(2015)Handley, Hobson, and Lasenby]{Handley_2015} Handley, W.J.; Hobson, M.P.; Lasenby, A.N. \newblock polychord: Next-generation nested sampling. \newblock {\em Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.} {\bf 2015}, {\em 453},~4385--4399. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1911}}. \bibitem[Speagle(2020)]{Speagle_2020} Speagle, J.S. \newblock dynesty: A dynamic nested sampling package for estimating Bayesian posteriors and evidences. \newblock {\em Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.} {\bf 2020}, {\em 493},~3132--3158. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa278}}. \bibitem[Higson et~al.(2018)Higson, Handley, Hobson, and Lasenby]{Higson_2018} Higson, E.; Handley, W.; Hobson, M.; Lasenby, A. \newblock Dynamic nested sampling: An improved algorithm for parameter estimation and evidence calculation. \newblock {\em Stat. Comput.} {\bf 2018}, {\em 29},~891--913. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-018-9844-0}}. \bibitem[Keeton(2011)]{Keeton_2011} Keeton, C.R. \newblock On statistical uncertainty in nested sampling. \newblock {\em Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.} {\bf 2011}, {\em 414},~1418--1426. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18474.x}}. \bibitem[Walter(2015)]{walter2015rare} Walter, C. \newblock Rare Event Simulation and Splitting for Discontinuous Random Variables. \newblock {\em ESAIM Probab. Stat.} {\bf 2015}, {\em 19}, ~794--811. % \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1507.00919}{{\normalfont % [arXiv:stat.CO/1507.00919]}}. \bibitem[Chopin and Robert(2010)]{Chopin_2010} Chopin, N.; Robert, C.P. \newblock Properties of nested sampling. \newblock {\em Biometrika} {\bf 2010}, {\em 97},~741--755. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asq021}}. \bibitem[Salomone et~al.(2018)Salomone, South, Drovandi, and Kroese]{salomone2018unbiased} Salomone, R.; South, L.F.; Drovandi, C.C.; Kroese, D.P. \newblock Unbiased and Consistent Nested Sampling via Sequential Monte Carlo. \emph{arXiv} \textbf{2018}, arXiv:1805.03924. % \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1805.03924}{{\normalfont % arXiv:stat.CO/1805.03924}}. \bibitem[Handley(2019)]{anesthetic} Handley, W. \newblock Anesthetic: Nested sampling visualisation. \newblock {\em J. Open Source Softw.} {\bf 2019}, {\em 4},~1414. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01414}}. \bibitem[En{\ss}lin(2019)]{En_lin_2019} En{\ss}lin, T.A. \newblock Information Theory for Fields. \newblock {\em Ann. Phys.} {\bf 2019}, {\em 531},~1800127. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201800127}}. \bibitem[Buchner(2023)]{buchner2023nested} Buchner, J. \newblock Nested Sampling Methods. \emph{Stat. Surv.} \textbf{2023}, \emph{17}, 169--215. % \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/2101.09675}{{\normalfont % [arXiv:stat.CO/2101.09675]}}. \bibitem[Kullback and Leibler(1951)]{10.1214/aoms/1177729694} Kullback, S.; Leibler, R.A. \newblock {On Information and Sufficiency}. \newblock {\em Ann. Math. Stat.} {\bf 1951}, {\em 22},~79--86. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177729694}}. \bibitem[Petrosyan and Handley(2022)]{petrosyan2022supernest} Petrosyan, A.; Handley, W.J. \newblock SuperNest: Accelerated nested sampling applied to astrophysics and cosmology. \emph{Phys. Sci. Forum} \textbf{2022}, \emph{5}, 51. % \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/2212.01760}{{\normalfont % [arXiv:physics.comp-ph/2212.01760]}}. \bibitem[Arras et~al.(2022)Arras, Frank, Haim, Knollmüller, Leike, Reinecke, and En{\ss}lin]{Arras_2022} Arras, P.; Frank, P.; Haim, P.; Knollmüller, J.; Leike, R.; Reinecke, M.; En{\ss}lin, T. \newblock Variable structures in M87 from space, time and frequency resolved interferometry. \newblock {\em Nat. Astron.} {\bf 2022}, {\em 6},~259--269. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01548-0}}. \bibitem[Handley and Lemos(2019)]{Handley_2019} Handley, W.; Lemos, P. \newblock Quantifying dimensionality: Bayesian cosmological model complexities. \newblock {\em Phys. Rev. D} {\bf 2019}, {\em 100}, 023512. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.100.023512}}. \bibitem[Arras et~al.(2019)Arras, Baltac, En{\ss}lin, Frank, Hutschenreuter, Knollmueller, Leike, Newrzella, Platz, Reinecke, et~al.]{arras2019nifty5} Arras, P.; Baltac, M.; En{\ss}lin, T.A.; Frank, P.; Hutschenreuter, S.; Knollmueller, J.; Leike, R.; Newrzella, M.N.; Platz, L.; Reinecke, M.; et~al. \newblock Nifty5: Numerical information field theory v5. \newblock {\em Astrophys. Source Code Libr.} {\bf 2019}, %MDPI: please add volume number ascl-1903. \bibitem[Frank et~al.(2021)Frank, Leike, and En{\ss}lin]{Frank_2021} Frank, P.; Leike, R.; En{\ss}lin, T.A. \newblock Geometric Variational Inference. \newblock {\em Entropy} {\bf 2021}, {\em 23},~853. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.3390/e23070853}}. \bibitem[En{\ss}lin(2022)]{En_lin_2022} En{\ss}lin, T. \newblock Information Field Theory and Artificial Intelligence. \newblock {\em Entropy} {\bf 2022}, {\em 24},~374. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030374}}. \bibitem[Kingma et~al.(2015)Kingma, Salimans, and Welling]{kingma2015variational} Kingma, D.P.; Salimans, T.; Welling, M. \newblock Variational Dropout and the Local Reparameterization Trick. \newblock {\em Advances in neural information processing systems 28} {\bf 2015}. % \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1506.02557}{{\normalfont % [arXiv:stat.ML/1506.02557]}}. \bibitem{knollmueller2020metric} Knollmüller, J.; Enßlin T.A. \newblock Metric Gaussian Variational Inference \newblock {\emph{arXiv} \textbf{2020}, arXiv:1901.11033}. \end{thebibliography} % \bibliographystyle{Inputs/mdpi.bst} \PublishersNote{} \end{adjustwidth} \end{document} ``` 4. **Bibliographic Information:** ```bbl \begin{thebibliography}{999} \bibitem[Skilling(2006)]{10.1214/06-BA127} Skilling, J. \newblock {Nested sampling for general Bayesian computation}. \newblock {\em Bayesian Analysis} {\bf 2006}, {\em 1},~833 -- 859. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1214/06-BA127}}. \bibitem[Handley et~al.(2015)Handley, Hobson, and Lasenby]{Handley_2015} Handley, W.J.; Hobson, M.P.; Lasenby, A.N. \newblock polychord: next-generation nested sampling. \newblock {\em Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society} {\bf 2015}, {\em 453},~4385--4399. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1911}}. \bibitem[Speagle(2020)]{Speagle_2020} Speagle, J.S. \newblock dynesty: a dynamic nested sampling package for estimating Bayesian posteriors and evidences. \newblock {\em Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society} {\bf 2020}, {\em 493},~3132--3158. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa278}}. \bibitem[Higson et~al.(2018)Higson, Handley, Hobson, and Lasenby]{Higson_2018} Higson, E.; Handley, W.; Hobson, M.; Lasenby, A. \newblock Dynamic nested sampling: an improved algorithm for parameter estimation and evidence calculation. \newblock {\em Statistics and Computing} {\bf 2018}, {\em 29},~891--913. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-018-9844-0}}. \bibitem[Keeton(2011)]{Keeton_2011} Keeton, C.R. \newblock On statistical uncertainty in nested sampling. \newblock {\em Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society} {\bf 2011}, {\em 414},~1418--1426. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18474.x}}. \bibitem[Walter(2015)]{walter2015rare} Walter, C. \newblock Rare Event Simulation and Splitting for Discontinuous Random Variables, 2015, \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1507.00919}{{\normalfont [arXiv:stat.CO/1507.00919]}}. \bibitem[Chopin and Robert(2010)]{Chopin_2010} Chopin, N.; Robert, C.P. \newblock Properties of nested sampling. \newblock {\em Biometrika} {\bf 2010}, {\em 97},~741--755. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asq021}}. \bibitem[Salomone et~al.(2018)Salomone, South, Drovandi, and Kroese]{salomone2018unbiased} Salomone, R.; South, L.F.; Drovandi, C.C.; Kroese, D.P. \newblock Unbiased and Consistent Nested Sampling via Sequential Monte Carlo, 2018, \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1805.03924}{{\normalfont [arXiv:stat.CO/1805.03924]}}. \bibitem[Handley(2019)]{anesthetic} Handley, W. \newblock anesthetic: nested sampling visualisation. \newblock {\em The Journal of Open Source Software} {\bf 2019}, {\em 4},~1414. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01414}}. \bibitem[En{\ss}lin(2019)]{En_lin_2019} En{\ss}lin, T.A. \newblock Information Theory for Fields. \newblock {\em Annalen der Physik} {\bf 2019}, {\em 531},~1800127. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201800127}}. \bibitem[Buchner(2023)]{buchner2023nested} Buchner, J. \newblock Nested Sampling Methods, 2023, \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/2101.09675}{{\normalfont [arXiv:stat.CO/2101.09675]}}. \bibitem[Kullback and Leibler(1951)]{10.1214/aoms/1177729694} Kullback, S.; Leibler, R.A. \newblock {On Information and Sufficiency}. \newblock {\em The Annals of Mathematical Statistics} {\bf 1951}, {\em 22},~79 -- 86. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177729694}}. \bibitem[Petrosyan and Handley(2022)]{petrosyan2022supernest} Petrosyan, A.; Handley, W.J. \newblock SuperNest: accelerated nested sampling applied to astrophysics and cosmology, 2022, \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/2212.01760}{{\normalfont [arXiv:physics.comp-ph/2212.01760]}}. \bibitem[Arras et~al.(2022)Arras, Frank, Haim, Knollmüller, Leike, Reinecke, and En{\ss}lin]{Arras_2022} Arras, P.; Frank, P.; Haim, P.; Knollmüller, J.; Leike, R.; Reinecke, M.; En{\ss}lin, T. \newblock Variable structures in M87 from space, time and frequency resolved interferometry. \newblock {\em Nature Astronomy} {\bf 2022}, {\em 6},~259--269. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01548-0}}. \bibitem[Handley and Lemos(2019)]{Handley_2019} Handley, W.; Lemos, P. \newblock Quantifying dimensionality: Bayesian cosmological model complexities. \newblock {\em Physical Review D} {\bf 2019}, {\em 100}. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.100.023512}}. \bibitem[Arras et~al.(2019)Arras, Baltac, En{\ss}lin, Frank, Hutschenreuter, Knollmueller, Leike, Newrzella, Platz, Reinecke, et~al.]{arras2019nifty5} Arras, P.; Baltac, M.; En{\ss}lin, T.A.; Frank, P.; Hutschenreuter, S.; Knollmueller, J.; Leike, R.; Newrzella, M.N.; Platz, L.; Reinecke, M.; et~al. \newblock Nifty5: Numerical information field theory v5. \newblock {\em Astrophysics Source Code Library} {\bf 2019}, pp. ascl--1903. \bibitem[Frank et~al.(2021)Frank, Leike, and En{\ss}lin]{Frank_2021} Frank, P.; Leike, R.; En{\ss}lin, T.A. \newblock Geometric Variational Inference. \newblock {\em Entropy} {\bf 2021}, {\em 23},~853. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.3390/e23070853}}. \bibitem[En{\ss}lin(2022)]{En_lin_2022} En{\ss}lin, T. \newblock Information Field Theory and Artificial Intelligence. \newblock {\em Entropy} {\bf 2022}, {\em 24},~374. \newblock {\url{https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030374}}. \bibitem[Kingma et~al.(2015)Kingma, Salimans, and Welling]{kingma2015variational} Kingma, D.P.; Salimans, T.; Welling, M. \newblock Variational Dropout and the Local Reparameterization Trick, 2015, \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1506.02557}{{\normalfont [arXiv:stat.ML/1506.02557]}}. \bibitem[Knollmüller and Enßlin(2020)]{knollmüller2020metric} Knollmüller, J.; Enßlin, T.A. \newblock Metric Gaussian Variational Inference, 2020, \href{http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1901.11033}{{\normalfont [arXiv:stat.ML/1901.11033]}}. \end{thebibliography} ``` 5. **Author Information:** - Lead Author: {'name': 'Margret Westerkamp'} - Full Authors List: ```yaml Margret Westerkamp: {} Jakob Roth: {} Philipp Frank: {} Will Handley: pi: start: 2020-10-01 thesis: null postdoc: start: 2016-10-01 end: 2020-10-01 thesis: null phd: start: 2012-10-01 end: 2016-09-30 supervisors: - Anthony Lasenby - Mike Hobson thesis: 'Kinetic initial conditions for inflation: theory, observation and methods' original_image: images/originals/will_handley.jpeg image: /assets/group/images/will_handley.jpg links: Webpage: https://willhandley.co.uk "Torsten En\xDFlin": {} ``` This YAML file provides a concise snapshot of an academic research group. It lists members by name along with their academic roles—ranging from Part III and summer projects to MPhil, PhD, and postdoctoral positions—with corresponding dates, thesis topics, and supervisor details. Supplementary metadata includes image paths and links to personal or departmental webpages. A dedicated "coi" section profiles senior researchers, highlighting the group’s collaborative mentoring network and career trajectories in cosmology, astrophysics, and Bayesian data analysis. ==================================================================================== Final Output Instructions ==================================================================================== - Combine all data sources to create a seamless, engaging narrative. - Follow the exact Markdown output format provided at the top. - Do not include any extra explanation, commentary, or wrapping beyond the specified Markdown. - Validate that every bibliographic reference with a DOI or arXiv identifier is converted into a Markdown link as per the examples. - Validate that every Markdown author link corresponds to a link in the author information block. - Before finalizing, confirm that no LaTeX citation commands or other undesired formatting remain. - Before finalizing, confirm that the link to the paper itself [2312.11907](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11907) is featured in the first sentence. Generate only the final Markdown output that meets all these requirements. {% endraw %}